Forecast Discussions mentioning "ACARS", "MDCRS", "AIRCRAFT", "TAMDAR", or "AMDAR" received at FSL on 01/15/07


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
AFDLOT 550 AM CST SAT JAN 13 2007

.DISCUSSION...

...MAIN CONCERN THIS MORNING CONTINUES TO BE POTENTIAL HVY SNOWFALL SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING BUT NO HEADLINES FOR NOW...

COMPLEX SITUATION EVOLVING OVER THE NEXT 72 HRS AND MODELS THIS MORNING ARE NOT IN TOO GOOD AGREEMENT. HOWEVER...WILL PUSH THRU THE DIFFERENCES AND HOPE TO ARRIVE AT THE MOST LIKELY SCENARIO.

IN THE SHORT TERM...FIRST WAVE PULLING OUT WITH PRECIP SLOWLY ENDING FROM WEST TO EAST ACROSS THE SOUTHERN HALF OF THE CWA. PRECIP HAS REMAINED PREDOMINANTLY RAIN AND WHERE PRECIP HAS CHANGED OVER TO A MIX...IT HAS BEEN LIGHT WITH A SHORT DURATION. WILL CONTINUE TO WATCH RADAR TRENDS BUT EXPECT THE BULK OF THE PRECIP TO BE OUT OF ALL BUT THE FAR SE CWA BY DAWN AND PLAN TO CARRY JUST A CHANCE OF LIGHT RAIN OR DRIZZLE ACROSS THE SOUTH THIS MORNING AND SHOULD BE ABLE TO CANCEL THE REST OF THE -FZRA ADVISORY WITH MORNING ZFP. WILL ALSO CARRY -DZ/-FZDZ THIS MORNING WITH A FEW LOCATIONS STILL REPORTING MIXED PRECIP.

TEMPS CLIMB A FEW DEGREES FROM AM LOWS GENERALLY IN THE LOWER 30S NORTH TO UPPER 30S SE. NEXT WEAK WAVE ARRIVES TONIGHT AND DESPITE LIKELY POPS OFF GUIDANCE...QPF AMOUNTS ARE RATHER LIGHT. LOOKING AT THE SOUNDINGS AND THERMAL PROFILES AND WARMER SFC TEMPS...THINK THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE CWA MAY REMAIN JUST RAIN WITH A MIX ACROSS THE MIDDLE PART OF THE CWA TO SNOW NORTH. WILL MODIFY FORECAST ALONG THESE LINES. DEPENDING ON HOW MUCH MIXED PRECIP OCCURS...AN ADVISORY MAY BE NEED AGAIN FOR TONIGHT BUT WILL HOLD OFF ON HEADLINES. PRECIP TAPERS OFF SUNDAY MORNING WITH ANOTHER LULL DURING THE DAYLIGHT HRS AND HAVE BACKED OFF TO CHANCE POPS.

THEN COMES THE MAIN SHOW SUNDAY NIGHT. HAVE WATCHED THE MODELS FOR THE PAST 4 DAYS WITH THIS SYSTEM. SOME HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDE THE GFS BEING RATHER CONSISTENT WITH A MORE SOUTHERLY AND WEAKER TRACK OF THE SFC LOW. THE NAM REMAINING FURTHER NORTH OF THE GFS ON EVERY RUN...TRYING TO TREND TOWARD THE GFS A FEW DAYS AGO BUT NOW BACK TO A DEEPER AND FARTHER NORTH TRACK AND EVEN SHOWING SOME SIGNS OF TRYING TO BECOME NEGATIVELY TILTED. BY 12Z MONDAY THE GFS IS THE FARTHEST SE WITH THE UKMET NEARBY AND THE ECMWF/CANADIAN SLIGHTLY MORE NORTH BUT NOT AS MUCH AS THE NAM...THOUGH THEY ARE A LITTLER FARTHER NORTH THEN PREVIOUS RUNS. WITH HIGH PRESSURE ACROSS THE PLAINS BEGINNING TO WEAKEN AND RAPIDLY WEAKENING TODAY/TONIGHT... DOUBT COLD FRONT WILL MOVE MUCH FARTHER SOUTH AND WILL LIKELY BECOME STATIONARY THIS MORNING FARTHER NORTH THAN MODELS SUGGEST. SFC LOW WILL RIDE CLOSE TO THIS BOUNDARY AND AS A RESULT PREFER THE NAM STRENGTH AND FARTHER NORTH TRACK...THOUGH FINAL TRACK MAY END UP CLOSER TO MODEL CONSENSUS. ALSO PREFER SLIGHTLY SLOWER TIMING. A QUICK LOOK AT THE 06Z NAM LOOKS VERY SIMILAR TO THE 00Z RUN.

WITH THIS IN MIND...PRECIP DEVELOPS LATE SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND SPREADS NE ACROSS THE ENTIRE AREA SUNDAY EVENING. PLENTY OF MOISTURE FOR THIS SYSTEM TO WORK WITH AND A PERIOD OF SNOW... POSSIBLY HEAVY SNOW...ACROSS THE NORTHERN TWO THIRDS OF THE CWA LOOKS GOOD...TAPERING OFF TO FLURRIES AFTER SUNRISE MONDAY MORNING. PROBLEM FURTHER SOUTH WILL BE PRECIP TYPE. NOT SURE EVEN MDT/HVY PRECIP COULD OVERCOME LARGE DEPTH OF WARM AIR...AT LEAST IN THE WARMEST SCENARIO AND WILL KEEP A MIX OF PRECIP SOUTH OF A LINE FROM PNT TO GYY...WHICH WILL KEEP SNOW AMOUNTS LOWER THERE. GOING FORECAST INDICATES 6+ INCHES NORTH OF A LINE FROM GYY/PNT. SEE LITTLE REASON TO DEVIATE FROM THIS FORECAST. HOWEVER...HAVE DECIDED TO HOLD OFF ON A WATCH THIS MORNING FOR A FEW REASONS. DESPITE PREFERENCE TO THE NAM...IT IS THE FARTHEST NORTH. MIXED PRECIP TONIGHT MAY NEED AN ADVISORY AND A WATCH FOR 4TH PERIOD MAY CONFUSE OR CAUSE 2ND PERIOD POTENTIAL PROBLEMS TO BE OVERLOOKED. SO WILL DEFER WATCH/ADVISORY TO THE DAY SHIFT AND HOPEFULLY THE MODELS WILL SHOW A CLEARER PICTURE.

AS FOR LAKE ENHANCEMENT AND LAKE EFFECT...WATER TEMPS IN THE UPPER 30S OR +3C TO +4C. DURING THE MAIN SNOW SUNDAY NIGHT...THERE MAY BE SOME ENHANCEMENT BUT IT APPEARS MINIMAL AT THIS POINT. 850MB TEMPS REALLY DON/T DROP OFF UNTIL MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR FAVORABLE LAKE EFFECT AND THEN CONTINUE TO DROP MONDAY NIGHT INTO TUESDAY AS WINDS TURN MORE NORTH AND NORTHWEST. AM MORE CONCERNED ABOUT LAKE EFFECT SNOW DURING THIS TIME WHEN DELTA T`S REACH 20 DEGREES BY TUESDAY AFTERNOON WITH INVERSION HEIGHTS OF 7-8KFT. FOR NOW WILL INCLUDE CHANCE OF SNOW SHOWERS BUT THIS TOO WILL NEED TO BE WATCHED FOR ACCUMULATING SNOW...ESPECIALLY ACROSS NORTHWEST INDIANA.

&&

.AVIATION DISCUSSION REGARDING 12Z TAFS...

CURRENT SATLT IMAGERY SHOWS EXTENSIVE CLOUD DECK OVER THE MIDWEST ASSD WITH A DAMPENING SHORT WAVE TROF NOW EJECTING ENEWD ACRS THE MID MS VLY. PCPN WITH THIS FEATURE HAS SHIFTED S AND E OF THE TERMINAL AREA. THERFORE...EXPECT TDY TO BE GENLY FREE OF PCPN WITH NO VIS RESTRICTIONS. WILL KEEP CIGS IN MVFR RANGE. SFC OBS PAST SVRL HRS HAVE SUGGESTED PERSISTENT NELY FLOW BLO FRONTAL INVERSION (BLO ABOUT 25 HND FT BASED ON ACARS) HAS ERODED AWAY LOWER CLOUDS. THIS WILL CONTINUE THRU TDY AS NELY LLVL FLOW CONTS TO ADVECT LOW DEW POINT AIR FROM SRN WI/LWR MI INTO RGN.

NXT WX PROBLEM FCST TO ARRIVE TNGT. SATLT LOOPS SHOW ANOTHER MINOR DISTURBANCE LIFTING NEWD FROM WRN TX ERLY THIS MRNG. THE FACT THAT IT IS TRIGGERING THUNDER AS FAR N AS THE TX PHDL SUGGESTS IT IS A FAIRLY DYNAMIC LITTLE FEATURE. AS THIS WAVE REACHES THE MIDWEST THIS EVENING...SOME LIGHT PCPN IS EXPECTED TO OVERSPREAD THE RGN...MAINLY IN 03Z-09Z TIME FRAME. FCST SOUNDINGS SUGGEST PCPN WILL BE LGT SNOW RFD-ORD-DPA AREAS...WITH SOME ICE PELLETS MDW-ARR-PNT AND RAIN/FZRA/ICE PELLETS VPZ-IKK. AGAIN...THIS IS EXPECTED TO BE A MINOR EVENT...BUT CIGS/VIS WILL LIKELY LWR TO IFR AGN OVERNGT.

MERZLOCK

&&

.LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...NONE. .IN...NONE. .LM...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FOR ALL NEAR SHORE UNTIL 15Z.

&&

$$


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
AFDLOT 1145 PM CST FRI JAN 12 2007

.EVENING UPDATE... 820 PM CST

ZFP/GRIDS/WSW OUT. FOCUS OF THIS UPDATE WAS ON RAIN FALLING ACROSS SOUTHERN CWA. CALLS TO LIVINGSTON...FORD...AND LA SALLE COUNTY IN THE PAST HR OR SO INDICATE NO ICING PROBLEMS. PNT/TIP/IKK STILL ABOVE FREEZING AND REPORTING RAIN. COLD AIR WILL SLOWLY SINK SOUTH AND EXPECT RAIN TO SLOWLY CHANGEOVER TO FREEZING RAIN EVENTUALLY. BUT BY THE TIME IT DOES MAKE A CHANGE...QPF AMOUNTS WILL BE LIGHT. INDICATED UP TO ONE TENTH OF AN INCH OF ICE IN THE WSW ACROSS THIS AREA...BUT THIS WILL BE ISOLATED. WITH CHANGEOVER OCCURRING LATER... PUSHED FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY TO 12Z ACROSS THE SOUTHERN HALF OR SO OF THE CWA.

FURTHER NORTH...ADVISORY EXPIRED FOR NW IL AND THAT LOOKS ON TRACK. WAS RELUCTANT TO PULL ADVISORY FOR NE IL THOUGH AREAS NORTH OF I-88 APPEAR TO STAY MAINLY DRY THRU THE NIGHT. THOUGH ORD IS REPORTING -DZ THIS HR AND -RA AT MDW. WHILE SFC TEMPS REMAIN ABOVE FREEZING HERE...TEMPS COULD DIP BELOW FREEZING BEFORE 2AM. SINCE THE ADVISORY WAS ALREADY OUT...DECIDED TO LET IT RIDE FOR NOW...BUT PRECIP WILL BE LIGHT AND IMPACTS SHOULD BE SMALL.

&&

.PREVIOUS DISCUSSION... 400 PM CDT

THE FIRST ISSUE IS THE FREEZING RAIN TONIGHT. WE HAVE ADVISORY FOR ALL OF THE CWA AT ONE TIME OR ANOTHER. THE COLD FRONT WAS FROM GARY INDIANA TO ST LOUIS AT 19 UTC. AS THE COLD AIR MOVES INTO NORTHEAST ILLINOIS AND NORTHWEST INDIANA...WARM AIR OVERRIDES IT AND THIS CREATES PRECIPITATION. USING A CROSS SECTION OF EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE WE SEE THAT THIS COLD AIR IS SHALLOW. UP TO THE 800 MB LEVEL. ACARS SOUNDINGS AT ORD SHOWS THE AIR ABOVE FREEZING UP TO 737 MB. WEST OF A LINE FROM BOONE MCHENRY BORDER TO EASTERN FORD COUNTY THE DRIZZLE AND FREEZING RAIN HAS BEGUN. EAST OF THAT LINE THE TEMPERATURE HAS NOT FALLEN BELOW 0 DEGREES C NEAR THE SURFACE AND UP TO 800 MB YET.

THE FORECAST SOUNDING FROM THE LOCALLY RUN WRF ARW MODEL SHOWS A LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE FROM 896 MB TO 716 MB ABOVE FREEZING. ABOVE THAT THE MOISTURE IN THE AIR IS NEARLY IN EQUILIBRIUM WITH THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER. THIS IS AROUND PONTIAC. THERE MAY BE SOME ICE CRYSTAL FORMING AND SO WE WILL ADD ICE PELLETS FOR BENTON COUNTY INDIANA TONIGHT. OTHERWISE WE WILL FORECAST DRIZZLE AND FREEZING RAIN TONIGHT UP TO AROUND 2 AM. AFTER 06 UTC THE ISENTROPIC LIFT ON THE 285K SURFACE DECREASES AND THERE WILL BE COLD AND DRIER AIR INTO THE REGION.

THE SNOW STORM ON SUNDAY THROUGH MONDAY WILL BE THE NEXT WEATHER EVENT. WE USED THE GFS...NAM AND NGM MODELS FOR THIS FORECAST. A CYCLONE IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN TEXAS. 850 MB AND 1000 MB TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS AND TEMPERATURE ADVECTION ARE OPERATED ON BY A LAPLACIAN AND INTEGRATED UP TO 850 MB SHOW INCREASE IN LOW LEVEL VORTICITY OVER ARKANSAS BY 00 UTC MONDAY. A LOW WILL DEVELOP THERE AND MOVE INTO KENTUCKY BY 06 UTC MONDAY. THE TRACK OF THE 850 MB TROUGH AND Q VECTORS PUT AN AREA OF LIFT MOVING FROM SOUTHEAST IOWA AND MOVES IT THROUGH CHICAGO BY 12 UTC MONDAY. THIS WILL PROVIDE SOME FORCING FOR SNOW SUNDAY NIGHT AND EARLY MONDAY MORNING. THICKNESS FORECAST SHOW THE SOUTHERN THIRD OF THE FORECAST AREA WILL HAVE SOME MIXED PRECIPITATION FREEZING RAIN AND ICE PELLETS. THERE IS ENOUGH MOISTURE ABOVE -12 DEGREES CELSIUS THAT ICE CRYSTALS WILL FORM AND FALL. THERE MAY BE SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPS AS WELL SUNDAY AND SUNDAY AFTERNOON. BY SUNDAY NIGHT THE WHOLE COLUMNOF AIR MAY BE COLD ENOUGH FOR SNOW. WE WILL FORECAST ALL SNOW SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY. THIS STORM EVENT WILL END MONDAY AFTERNOON. THE LOW WILL MOVE INTO PENNSYLVANIA. WE EXPECT ABOUT 4 TO 7 INCHES OF SNOW FOR THE WHOLE AREA BY MONDAY AFTERNOON AT THIS TIME.

&&

.AVIATION... 1045 PM CST

RE THE 06Z TAFS...CDFNT CONTS TO PUSH SEWRD INTO LWR GRTLKS AND LWR OH VALLEY. STRONGEST PUSH OF LLVL COLD AIR THIS EVE HAS BEEN SWRD FM THE UPR MIDWEST AND NRN PLAINS AND ACROSS NW INTO W CNTRL IL. THIS HAS RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT ICING FM MO NEWRD INTO CNTRL IL...WHILE FURTHER TO THE E SFC TEPS STILL ABV FREEZING SO JUST RA FALLING. PROFILERS AND 00Z RAOBS SHOWING 40KT FEED OF GULF MOISTURE INTO THE BAROCLINIC ZONE CURRENTLY LAYING OUT SW-NE FM MO INTO THE NRN OH. AS THIS ZONE SAGS SWRD THE NRN EDGE OF THE PRECIP WILL ALSO SAG S AND OUT OF TERMINALS DURG THE NEXT FEW HRS. PRECIP EXPECTED TO START TO RETURN NWRD LATE SAT AFTERNOON AND SPREAD TO TERMINALS DURG SAT EVE AS WRN U.S. UPR GRADUALLY MOVS TO ROCKIES INDUCING THE MID LVL FLO TO BACK A BIT. BETWEEN END OF PRECIP LATE TONIGHT AND RETURN ON SAT EVE EXPECT CIGS TO LIFT TO PREVAILING MVFR AS LOER SFC DWPTS FEED IN ON N TO NE WNDS.

TRS

&&

.LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY MCHENRY LAKE COOK DUPAGE KANE KENDALL WILL UNTIL 08Z. FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY LASALLE GRUNDY KANKAKEE LIVINGSTON FORD IROQUIOUS UNTIL 12Z. .IN...FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY LAKE AND PORTER UNTIL 08Z. FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY NEWTON JASPER BENTON UNTIL 12Z. .LM...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FOR ALL NEAR SHORE UNTIL 15Z.

&&

$$


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS NORTHERN INDIANA
AFDIWX 1059 PM EST SUN JAN 14 2007

.UPDATE... GETTING 1/8" GLAZING REPORTS ON TREES JUST NORTH OF SOUTH BEND LATE THIS EVE. BASED ON SFC OBS EXPECT SIMILAR CONDITIONS THROUGHOUT THE ADVISORY AREA WITH THE PSBL EXCEPTION OF URBAN AREAS OF SOUTH BEND/ELKHART DECIDED TO UPGRADE FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY TO AN ICE STORM WARNING. ALSO GETTING SCT REPORTS OF ICING FARTHER SOUTH AND WITH DFI TEMP AT 32 LAST SEVERAL HOURS AND FWA TEMP/DWPT FALLING SLOWLY, WILL ISSUE FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY AREA SOUTH OF ICE STORM WARNING A COUPLE TIERS OF COUNTIES. EXPECT ICING IN THIS AREA WILL MAINLY BE ON ELEVATED SURFACES, BUT STILL COULD BE SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE SOME PROBLEMS.

&&

.UPDATE... EVE RAOB/TAMDAR SOUNDINGS SHOWING WARM LAYER OF GENERALLY +2 TO +6C OVER OUR AREA RESULTING IN INITIAL PRECIP REACHING THE GROUND AS RN/ZR. SFC OBS AND CALLS TO POLICE IN THE AREA INDICATE SO FAR ONLY PATCHY REPORTS OF GLAZING IN NRN INDIANA AND NW OH EVEN THOUGH SOME ASOS/AWOS SITES REPORTING TEMPS AT FREEZING. THIS PRBLY A RESULT OF TEMPERATURE OF HEAVY RAINFALL GENERALLY REACHING THE GROUND ABOVE FREEZING. IN MICHIGAN WHERE SFC TEMPS HAVE BEEN RUNNING A DEGREE OR TWO BELOW FREEZING ALL DAY AND THIS EVE, MORE WIDESPREAD GLAZING IS BEING REPORTED. WITH WAA OVERNIGHT AS SFC LOW MOVES NE FROM SRN MO TO WEST CENTRAL OH, THE RN/SN LINE, WHICH IS EXPECTED TO SETUP FROM JUST NORTH OF CHICAGO TO JUST NORTH OF DETROIT THIS EVE, WILL PRBLY SHIFT SLIGHTLY NORTH. THUS, AS IN GOING FCST STILL EXPECTING A MAINLY LIQUID EVENT WITH MAIN THREAT FOR ICE ACCUMULATIONS ACROSS OUR NRN COUNTIES. MAIN QUESTIONS ARE HOW MUCH OF THE HEAVY RAIN WILL ACCUMULATE AS ICE IN THE ADVISORY AREAS AND IF SFC TEMPS WILL FALL SUFFICIENTLY SOUTH OF THE ADVISORY AREA TO WARRANT EXPANSION. FOR NOW FEEL THINGS ARE ON TRACK AND WILL CONTINUE TO MONITOR BUT NO CHANGES TO HEADLINES OR FCSTS PLANNED THIS EVE.

&&

.AVIATION... ONLY MINOR CHANGES TO PREVIOUS TAFS. AREA OF LOW PRESSURE DVLPG OVER SWRN MO THIS EVE WAS CAUSING OVER-RUNNING PRECIP TO DVLP NORTH OF STNRY FRONT ALONG OH RVR. THIS SHOULD SPREAD INTO NRN INDIANA OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF HOURS WITH HEAVIEST RAINFALL INITIALLY MOVG INTO THE FWA AREA. CIGS/VSBYS WERE ALREADY LOWERING IN ADVANCE OF THE RAINFALL THIS EVE APPARENTLY IN RESPONSE TO DIURNAL COOLING OF THE VERY MOIST LOW LEVELS. TEMPS EXPECTED TO REMAIN JUST COLD ENOUGH FOR FREEZING RAIN AT SBN AND JUST WARM ENOUGH FOR RAIN NOT TO FREEZE AT FWA AS THE LOW MOVES NE ACROSS SRN INDIANA TONIGHT. PRECIP INTENSITY SHOULD DIMINISH ON MONDAY AS MID LEVEL DRY SLOT MOVES OVER THE AREA. WITH COLD AIR WRAPPING AROUND THE LOW AS IT DEPARTS THE AREA TO OUR EAST ON MONDAY, PRECIP SHOULD CHANGE OVER TO SNOW AT SBN EARLY IN THE AFTN. POTENTIAL FOR LAKE ENHANCEMENT TO INTENSIFY SNOWFALL LATE AFTN BUT SINCE NEAR END OF TAF PD DID NOT ADD TO TAFS YET. LIKEWISE AT FWA COLDER AIR FILLING IN BEHIND THE LOW COULD CHANGE PRECIP TO -ZL OR -SN LATE IN THE AFTN BUT HELD OFF MENTIONING THIS CHANGE IN THE TAF FOR NOW.

&&

.SHORT TERM... TONIGHT AND MONDAY.

...SIGNIFICANT ICING EXPECTED ACROSS SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN TONIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING...

...SOME ICING EXPECTED ACROSS NORTHERN INDIANA AND NORTHWEST OHIO TONIGHT AND MONDAY...

12Z NAM-WRF AND 12Z GFS CONTINUE TO TREND NEXT WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE FARTHER NORTHWEST. THE NAM-WRF IS THE FARTHEST NORTHWEST OF THE TWO...PLACING THE WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE OVER NW OHIO BY 12Z MONDAY. BASED ON THE TREND OF BRINGING THE LOW FARTHER NORTHWEST...FEEL MORE INCLINED TO SIDE WITH THE NAM-WRF AND THUS WILL USE ITS SOLUTION AS A BACKBONE TO THE SHORT TERM FORECAST. ITS WARMER THERMAL PROFILE WILL RESULT IN MOSTLY FREEZING RAIN TONIGHT ACRS THE NRN CWFA.

AT 20Z...LOW PRESSURE WAS DEVELOPING ALONG A STATIONARY FRONT OVER NW ARKANSAS. AS A STRONG S/WV AND JET PIVOT NORTHEAST INTO THE CNTRL PLAINS TONIGHT AND THEN INTO THE WRN GREAT LAKES ON MONDAY...THE LOW WILL MOVE NORTHEAST AND DEEPEN WITH TIME...BEING LOCATED NEAR SW INDIANA AT 06Z MONDAY AND NEAR NW OHIO BY 12Z MONDAY. THE LOW WILL BE ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG...MOIST LOW LVL WARM ADVECTION. THIS STRONG ASCENT WILL TEAM UP WITH UPR LVL DIVERGENCE FROM A STRONG JET ALOFT. THIS WILL RESULT IN WIDESPREAD PCPN ACRS THE CWFA OVERNIGHT. IN FACT...LATEST MOSAIC RADAR WAS SHOWING A LARGE AREA OF PCPN BLOSSOMING ACRS THE CNTRL AND SRN PLAINS. THIS PCPN WILL CONTINUE TO EXPAND AND MOVE NE INTO THE REGION TONIGHT. THERE IS A LOT TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT OVERNIGHT INTO THE FIRST PART OF MONDAY AS COLD AIR REMAINS TRAPPED NEAR THE SFC ACRS THE FAR NRN CWFA. LATEST OBSERVATIONS SHOW TEMPS HOVERING BETWEEN 30 AND 33 DEGREES ACRS FAR NRN INDIANA...SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN AND FAR NORTHWEST OHIO. THESE TEMPS WILL NOT BUDGE MUCH OVERNIGHT...AND MAY SLIGHTLY DROP A DEGREE OR TWO. FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE REGION...TEMPS WILL REMAIN STEADY STATE IN THE LOWER TO MID 30S...EXPECT FOR THE FAR SOUTHEAST WHERE WARMER AIR WILL BE PULLED WESTWARD AS THE LOW APPROACHES. WITH ABOUT THREE QUARTERS TO AROUND ONE INCH OF QPF EXPECTED OVERNIGHT...SIGNIFICANT ICING WILL OCCUR ACRS THE MICHIGAN COUNTIES WHERE ABOUT A HALF INCH OF ICE ACCUMULATION IS EXPECTED. FOR THE FAR NRN INDIANA AND NORTHWEST OHIO COUNTIES...ICE ACCUMULATIONS WILL BE LESS THAN A QUARTER INCH. FARTHER SOUTH...MAINLY RAIN IS EXPECTED. AN ICE STORM WARNING WILL BE ISSUED FOR THE MICHIGAN COUNTIES UNTIL 17Z MONDAY...WHILE A FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY WILL BE ISSUED FOR THE FAR NRN INDIANA/NW OHIO COUNTIES THROUGH 17Z MONDAY. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL ACRS THE FAR SOUTH/SOUTHEAST WILL LIKELY LEAD TO RIVER FLOODING ALONG THE UPPER WABASH AND MAUMEE RIVER BASINS..SO WILL MAINTAIN FLOOD WATCH FOR THIS LOCATION THROUGH 18Z MONDAY.

ON MONDAY...AS SFC LOW PRESSURE PULLS AWAY TO THE NE...COLDER AIR WILL BEGIN TO FILTER SE INTO THE FCST AREA. THERE WILL LIKELY BE FREEZING PCPN ACRS THE NW HALF OF THE CWFA...BUT THIS SHOULD BE ON THE LIGHT SIDE. FOR THE SOUTHEAST...LIGHT RAIN IS EXPECTED. MODELS CONTINUE TO SHOW A DRY SLOT WORKING INTO THE REGION BY MID MORNING. THIS MAY CHC PCPN TO DRIZZLE OR FREEZING DRIZZLE. HAVE OPTED TO GO WITH THE LIGHT FREEZING RAIN/LIGHT RAIN WORDING DUE TO LINGER PCPN EARLY IN THE MORNING IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE LOW AND FOR THE FACT THAT SOME OF THE DRIZZLE MAY MEASURE. AS COLDER AIR AND DEEPER ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FILTER INTO THE REGION DURING THE AFTERNOON...ANY DRIZZLE WILL CHANGEOVER TO SOME LIGHT SNOW. MAIN LAKE EFFECT EVENT LOOKS TO HOLD OFF UNTIL MONDAY NIGHT AND WILL LEAVE THOSE DETAILS TO THE LONG TERM FORECASTER.

&&

.LONG TERM... MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY

...SIGNIFICANT LAKE EFFECT SNOW POSSIBLE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY...

MAIN CONCERN FOR THE LONG TERM TODAY REVOLVES AROUND LAKE EFFECT POTENTIAL AT THE START OF THE PERIOD. MODERATE LOW/MID LEVEL CAA FOLLOWING MAJOR FRONTAL WAVE ON MON WILL BRING MUCH COLDER AIR ACROSS THE LAKE WITH AMPLE LAKE INSTABILITY DEVELOPING. NEAR RECORD WARM LAKE TEMPERATURE OF AROUND 5C PER LATEST SATELLITE DERIVED DATA WILL CONTRIBUTE TO MODERATE COLLIER INDEX WITH LAKE INDUCED CAPE AROUND 500J/KG AND LAKE INDUCED EQUILIBRIUM LEVELS AROUND 10K FEET. INSTABILITY IS CERTAINLY MORE THAN AMPLE...HOWEVER MUCH UNCERTAINTY LIES WITH BAND MODE...PLACEMENT...AND AMOUNT OF SHEAR. FROM A PATTERN RECOGNITION PROSPECTIVE...SETUP LOOKS VERY FAVORABLE WITH A 1040+MB HIGH BUILDING SOUTH THROUGH THE PLAINS AND FAVORABLE N/NNW FLOW DEVELOPING DOWN A SUBSTANTIAL FETCH OF LAKE MICHIGAN. A POTENTIAL NEGATIVE...BOTH NAM/GFS SUGGEST THERE WILL BE SOME SHEAR NEAR THE TOP OF THE LAKE INDUCED MIXED LAYER WITH A MORE WESTERLY COMPONENT AT 700MB AND MORE NW/NNW AT 850MB. NAM-WRF PLUME ANALYSIS CONTINUES TO SUGGEST THE POTENTIAL FOR A TYPE I LAKE EFFECT BAND...MEANING A DOMINANT BAND PARALLEL TO THE MAJOR AXIS OF THE LAKE.

NAM-WRF HAS BEEN FLIP-FLOPPING WILDLY FROM RUN TO RUN WITH RESPECT TO DIRECTION OF LOW LEVEL FLOW...WITH 00Z AND 06Z RUNS SUGGESTING A NEAR DUE NORTH FETCH...WHILE 12Z RUN SUGGESTS MORE NW FETCH. A LOOK AT SOME OTHER MESOSCALE GUIDANCE SUCH AS THE FSL EXPERIMENTAL RUC AND THE CANADIAN GEM SHOW MORE UNCERTAINTY...WITH BOTH THOSE MODELS DEPICTING MORE NORTHERLY FLOW AND A MORE WESTWARD BAND PLACEMENT. TYPICAL BIAS OF MESOSCALE MODELS ARE TO BE TOO FAR WEST WITH A DOMINANT BAND AT THE SOUTHERN END OF LAKE MICHIGAN. WITH THE VERY POOR MODEL AGREEMENT AND CONSISTENCY...JUST NOT ENOUGH CONFIDENCE ON BAND PLACEMENT OR MODE TO GO WITH AN LES WATCH YET. STILL ENOUGH TIME FOR A SHORTER RANGE WATCH FROM THE MIDNIGHT SHIFT IF MODEL GUIDANCE STARTS TO CONVERGE ON A COMMON SOLUTION. THIS DOES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE A MAJOR EVENT GIVEN STRONG THERMODYNAMICS...BUT ONLY IF A DOMINANT BAND FORMS...AND THAT IS STILL QUITE UNCERTAIN.

CP SURFACE HIGH BUILDS ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY LATER TUE NGT INTO WED WITH CRASHING INVERSION HEIGHTS AND BACKING LOW LEVEL FLOW CUTTING OFF ANY REMAINING LAKE EFFECT. SHOULD SEE A DRY PERIOD FOR WED AND THU WITH A MODERATING TREND AS HEIGHTS RISE IN RESPONSE TO DIGGING UPSTREAM TROUGH. VERY LITTLE CHANGE MADE TO CONTINUITY IN THE LATER PERIODS WITH PRIMARY CONCERNS IN SHORT TERM HIGH IMPACT WEATHER. STILL APPEARS THAT ONE OR SEVERAL CLIPPER TYPE SHORTWAVES WILL CROSS THE GREAT LAKES STARTING AT THE END OF THE WEEK AND HAVE CONTINUED WITH LOW CHANCE POPS...MAINLY ACROSS THE NORTHERN PORTION OF THE CWA. TEMPS WILL AVERAGE AROUND NORMAL FOR MUCH OF THE LONG TERM... BUT THIS WILL FEEL COLD AFTER THE INCREDIBLE STRETCH OF WARM WEATHER THE PAST MONTH.

&& .IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR INZ020-INZ022-INZ023- INZ024-INZ025-INZ026-INZ027-INZ032-INZ033-INZ034.

FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY UNTIL 12 PM EST /11 AM CST/ MONDAY FOR INZ008-INZ009-INZ012-INZ013-INZ014-INZ015-INZ016-INZ017- INZ018.

ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST /11 AM CST/ MONDAY FOR INZ003- INZ004-INZ005-INZ006-INZ007.

MI...ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST MONDAY FOR MIZ077-MIZ078- MIZ079-MIZ080-MIZ081.

OH...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR OHZ016-OHZ024-OHZ025.

FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY UNTIL 12 PM EST MONDAY FOR OHZ004-OHZ005- OHZ015.

ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST MONDAY FOR OHZ001-OHZ002.

LM...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY UNTIL 5 PM EST TUESDAY FOR LMZ043-LMZ046.

$$

AVIATION/UPDATE...TAYLOR SHORT TERM...HICKMAN LONG TERM....HITCHCOCK


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS NORTHERN INDIANA
AFDIWX 937 PM EST SUN JAN 14 2007

.UPDATE... EVE RAOB/TAMDAR SOUNDINGS SHOWING WARM LAYER OF GENERALLY +2 TO +6C OVER OUR AREA RESULTING IN INITIAL PRECIP REACHING THE GROUND AS RN/ZR. SFC OBS AND CALLS TO POLICE IN THE AREA INDICATE SO FAR ONLY PATCHY REPORTS OF GLAZING IN NRN INDIANA AND NW OH EVEN THOUGH SOME ASOS/AWOS SITES REPORTING TEMPS AT FREEZING. THIS PRBLY A RESULT OF TEMPERATURE OF HEAVY RAINFALL GENERALLY REACHING THE GROUND ABOVE FREEZING. IN MICHIGAN WHERE SFC TEMPS HAVE BEEN RUNNING A DEGREE OR TWO BELOW FREEZING ALL DAY AND THIS EVE, MORE WIDESPREAD GLAZING IS BEING REPORTED. WITH WAA OVERNIGHT AS SFC LOW MOVES NE FROM SRN MO TO WEST CENTRAL OH, THE RN/SN LINE, WHICH IS EXPECTED TO SETUP FROM JUST NORTH OF CHICAGO TO JUST NORTH OF DETROIT THIS EVE, WILL PRBLY SHIFT SLIGHTLY NORTH. THUS, AS IN GOING FCST STILL EXPECTING A MAINLY LIQUID EVENT WITH MAIN THREAT FOR ICE ACCUMULATIONS ACROSS OUR NRN COUNTIES. MAIN QUESTIONS ARE HOW MUCH OF THE HEAVY RAIN WILL ACCUMULATE AS ICE IN THE ADVISORY AREAS AND IF SFC TEMPS WILL FALL SUFFICIENTLY SOUTH OF THE ADVISORY AREA TO WARRANT EXPANSION. FOR NOW FEEL THINGS ARE ON TRACK AND WILL CONTINUE TO MONITOR BUT NO CHANGES TO HEADLINES OR FCSTS PLANNED THIS EVE.

&&

.AVIATION... ONLY MINOR CHANGES TO PREVIOUS TAFS. AREA OF LOW PRESSURE DVLPG OVER SWRN MO THIS EVE WAS CAUSING OVER-RUNNING PRECIP TO DVLP NORTH OF STNRY FRONT ALONG OH RVR. THIS SHOULD SPREAD INTO NRN INDIANA OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF HOURS WITH HEAVIEST RAINFALL INITIALLY MOVG INTO THE FWA AREA. CIGS/VSBYS WERE ALREADY LOWERING IN ADVANCE OF THE RAINFALL THIS EVE APPARENTLY IN RESPONSE TO DIURNAL COOLING OF THE VERY MOIST LOW LEVELS. TEMPS EXPECTED TO REMAIN JUST COLD ENOUGH FOR FREEZING RAIN AT SBN AND JUST WARM ENOUGH FOR RAIN NOT TO FREEZE AT FWA AS THE LOW MOVES NE ACROSS SRN INDIANA TONIGHT. PRECIP INTENSITY SHOULD DIMINISH ON MONDAY AS MID LEVEL DRY SLOT MOVES OVER THE AREA. WITH COLD AIR WRAPPING AROUND THE LOW AS IT DEPARTS THE AREA TO OUR EAST ON MONDAY, PRECIP SHOULD CHANGE OVER TO SNOW AT SBN EARLY IN THE AFTN. POTENTIAL FOR LAKE ENHANCEMENT TO INTENSIFY SNOWFALL LATE AFTN BUT SINCE NEAR END OF TAF PD DID NOT ADD TO TAFS YET. LIKEWISE AT FWA COLDER AIR FILLING IN BEHIND THE LOW COULD CHANGE PRECIP TO -ZL OR -SN LATE IN THE AFTN BUT HELD OFF MENTIONING THIS CHANGE IN THE TAF FOR NOW.

&&

.SHORT TERM... TONIGHT AND MONDAY.

...SIGNIFICANT ICING EXPECTED ACROSS SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN TONIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING...

...SOME ICING EXPECTED ACROSS NORTHERN INDIANA AND NORTHWEST OHIO TONIGHT AND MONDAY...

12Z NAM-WRF AND 12Z GFS CONTINUE TO TREND NEXT WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE FARTHER NORTHWEST. THE NAM-WRF IS THE FARTHEST NORTHWEST OF THE TWO...PLACING THE WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE OVER NW OHIO BY 12Z MONDAY. BASED ON THE TREND OF BRINGING THE LOW FARTHER NORTHWEST...FEEL MORE INCLINED TO SIDE WITH THE NAM-WRF AND THUS WILL USE ITS SOLUTION AS A BACKBONE TO THE SHORT TERM FORECAST. ITS WARMER THERMAL PROFILE WILL RESULT IN MOSTLY FREEZING RAIN TONIGHT ACRS THE NRN CWFA.

AT 20Z...LOW PRESSURE WAS DEVELOPING ALONG A STATIONARY FRONT OVER NW ARKANSAS. AS A STRONG S/WV AND JET PIVOT NORTHEAST INTO THE CNTRL PLAINS TONIGHT AND THEN INTO THE WRN GREAT LAKES ON MONDAY...THE LOW WILL MOVE NORTHEAST AND DEEPEN WITH TIME...BEING LOCATED NEAR SW INDIANA AT 06Z MONDAY AND NEAR NW OHIO BY 12Z MONDAY. THE LOW WILL BE ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG...MOIST LOW LVL WARM ADVECTION. THIS STRONG ASCENT WILL TEAM UP WITH UPR LVL DIVERGENCE FROM A STRONG JET ALOFT. THIS WILL RESULT IN WIDESPREAD PCPN ACRS THE CWFA OVERNIGHT. IN FACT...LATEST MOSAIC RADAR WAS SHOWING A LARGE AREA OF PCPN BLOSSOMING ACRS THE CNTRL AND SRN PLAINS. THIS PCPN WILL CONTINUE TO EXPAND AND MOVE NE INTO THE REGION TONIGHT. THERE IS A LOT TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT OVERNIGHT INTO THE FIRST PART OF MONDAY AS COLD AIR REMAINS TRAPPED NEAR THE SFC ACRS THE FAR NRN CWFA. LATEST OBSERVATIONS SHOW TEMPS HOVERING BETWEEN 30 AND 33 DEGREES ACRS FAR NRN INDIANA...SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN AND FAR NORTHWEST OHIO. THESE TEMPS WILL NOT BUDGE MUCH OVERNIGHT...AND MAY SLIGHTLY DROP A DEGREE OR TWO. FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE REGION...TEMPS WILL REMAIN STEADY STATE IN THE LOWER TO MID 30S...EXPECT FOR THE FAR SOUTHEAST WHERE WARMER AIR WILL BE PULLED WESTWARD AS THE LOW APPROACHES. WITH ABOUT THREE QUARTERS TO AROUND ONE INCH OF QPF EXPECTED OVERNIGHT...SIGNIFICANT ICING WILL OCCUR ACRS THE MICHIGAN COUNTIES WHERE ABOUT A HALF INCH OF ICE ACCUMULATION IS EXPECTED. FOR THE FAR NRN INDIANA AND NORTHWEST OHIO COUNTIES...ICE ACCUMULATIONS WILL BE LESS THAN A QUARTER INCH. FARTHER SOUTH...MAINLY RAIN IS EXPECTED. AN ICE STORM WARNING WILL BE ISSUED FOR THE MICHIGAN COUNTIES UNTIL 17Z MONDAY...WHILE A FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY WILL BE ISSUED FOR THE FAR NRN INDIANA/NW OHIO COUNTIES THROUGH 17Z MONDAY. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL ACRS THE FAR SOUTH/SOUTHEAST WILL LIKELY LEAD TO RIVER FLOODING ALONG THE UPPER WABASH AND MAUMEE RIVER BASINS..SO WILL MAINTAIN FLOOD WATCH FOR THIS LOCATION THROUGH 18Z MONDAY.

ON MONDAY...AS SFC LOW PRESSURE PULLS AWAY TO THE NE...COLDER AIR WILL BEGIN TO FILTER SE INTO THE FCST AREA. THERE WILL LIKELY BE FREEZING PCPN ACRS THE NW HALF OF THE CWFA...BUT THIS SHOULD BE ON THE LIGHT SIDE. FOR THE SOUTHEAST...LIGHT RAIN IS EXPECTED. MODELS CONTINUE TO SHOW A DRY SLOT WORKING INTO THE REGION BY MID MORNING. THIS MAY CHC PCPN TO DRIZZLE OR FREEZING DRIZZLE. HAVE OPTED TO GO WITH THE LIGHT FREEZING RAIN/LIGHT RAIN WORDING DUE TO LINGER PCPN EARLY IN THE MORNING IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE LOW AND FOR THE FACT THAT SOME OF THE DRIZZLE MAY MEASURE. AS COLDER AIR AND DEEPER ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FILTER INTO THE REGION DURING THE AFTERNOON...ANY DRIZZLE WILL CHANGEOVER TO SOME LIGHT SNOW. MAIN LAKE EFFECT EVENT LOOKS TO HOLD OFF UNTIL MONDAY NIGHT AND WILL LEAVE THOSE DETAILS TO THE LONG TERM FORECASTER.

&&

.LONG TERM... MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY

...SIGNIFICANT LAKE EFFECT SNOW POSSIBLE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY...

MAIN CONCERN FOR THE LONG TERM TODAY REVOLVES AROUND LAKE EFFECT POTENTIAL AT THE START OF THE PERIOD. MODERATE LOW/MID LEVEL CAA FOLLOWING MAJOR FRONTAL WAVE ON MON WILL BRING MUCH COLDER AIR ACROSS THE LAKE WITH AMPLE LAKE INSTABILITY DEVELOPING. NEAR RECORD WARM LAKE TEMPERATURE OF AROUND 5C PER LATEST SATELLITE DERIVED DATA WILL CONTRIBUTE TO MODERATE COLLIER INDEX WITH LAKE INDUCED CAPE AROUND 500J/KG AND LAKE INDUCED EQUILIBRIUM LEVELS AROUND 10K FEET. INSTABILITY IS CERTAINLY MORE THAN AMPLE...HOWEVER MUCH UNCERTAINTY LIES WITH BAND MODE...PLACEMENT...AND AMOUNT OF SHEAR. FROM A PATTERN RECOGNITION PROSPECTIVE...SETUP LOOKS VERY FAVORABLE WITH A 1040+MB HIGH BUILDING SOUTH THROUGH THE PLAINS AND FAVORABLE N/NNW FLOW DEVELOPING DOWN A SUBSTANTIAL FETCH OF LAKE MICHIGAN. A POTENTIAL NEGATIVE...BOTH NAM/GFS SUGGEST THERE WILL BE SOME SHEAR NEAR THE TOP OF THE LAKE INDUCED MIXED LAYER WITH A MORE WESTERLY COMPONENT AT 700MB AND MORE NW/NNW AT 850MB. NAM-WRF PLUME ANALYSIS CONTINUES TO SUGGEST THE POTENTIAL FOR A TYPE I LAKE EFFECT BAND...MEANING A DOMINANT BAND PARALLEL TO THE MAJOR AXIS OF THE LAKE.

NAM-WRF HAS BEEN FLIP-FLOPPING WILDLY FROM RUN TO RUN WITH RESPECT TO DIRECTION OF LOW LEVEL FLOW...WITH 00Z AND 06Z RUNS SUGGESTING A NEAR DUE NORTH FETCH...WHILE 12Z RUN SUGGESTS MORE NW FETCH. A LOOK AT SOME OTHER MESOSCALE GUIDANCE SUCH AS THE FSL EXPERIMENTAL RUC AND THE CANADIAN GEM SHOW MORE UNCERTAINTY...WITH BOTH THOSE MODELS DEPICTING MORE NORTHERLY FLOW AND A MORE WESTWARD BAND PLACEMENT. TYPICAL BIAS OF MESOSCALE MODELS ARE TO BE TOO FAR WEST WITH A DOMINANT BAND AT THE SOUTHERN END OF LAKE MICHIGAN. WITH THE VERY POOR MODEL AGREEMENT AND CONSISTENCY...JUST NOT ENOUGH CONFIDENCE ON BAND PLACEMENT OR MODE TO GO WITH AN LES WATCH YET. STILL ENOUGH TIME FOR A SHORTER RANGE WATCH FROM THE MIDNIGHT SHIFT IF MODEL GUIDANCE STARTS TO CONVERGE ON A COMMON SOLUTION. THIS DOES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE A MAJOR EVENT GIVEN STRONG THERMODYNAMICS...BUT ONLY IF A DOMINANT BAND FORMS...AND THAT IS STILL QUITE UNCERTAIN.

CP SURFACE HIGH BUILDS ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY LATER TUE NGT INTO WED WITH CRASHING INVERSION HEIGHTS AND BACKING LOW LEVEL FLOW CUTTING OFF ANY REMAINING LAKE EFFECT. SHOULD SEE A DRY PERIOD FOR WED AND THU WITH A MODERATING TREND AS HEIGHTS RISE IN RESPONSE TO DIGGING UPSTREAM TROUGH. VERY LITTLE CHANGE MADE TO CONTINUITY IN THE LATER PERIODS WITH PRIMARY CONCERNS IN SHORT TERM HIGH IMPACT WEATHER. STILL APPEARS THAT ONE OR SEVERAL CLIPPER TYPE SHORTWAVES WILL CROSS THE GREAT LAKES STARTING AT THE END OF THE WEEK AND HAVE CONTINUED WITH LOW CHANCE POPS...MAINLY ACROSS THE NORTHERN PORTION OF THE CWA. TEMPS WILL AVERAGE AROUND NORMAL FOR MUCH OF THE LONG TERM... BUT THIS WILL FEEL COLD AFTER THE INCREDIBLE STRETCH OF WARM WEATHER THE PAST MONTH.

&&

.IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...FLOOD WATCH FROM 7 PM EST THIS EVENING THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR INZ020-INZ022-INZ023-INZ024-INZ025-INZ026-INZ027-INZ032- INZ033-INZ034.

FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY UNTIL 12 PM EST /11 AM CST/ MONDAY FOR INZ003-INZ004-INZ005-INZ006-INZ007.

MI...ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST MONDAY FOR MIZ077-MIZ078- MIZ079-MIZ080-MIZ081.

OH...FLOOD WATCH FROM 7 PM EST THIS EVENING THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR OHZ016-OHZ024-OHZ025.

FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY UNTIL 12 PM EST MONDAY FOR OHZ001-OHZ002.

LM...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FROM MIDNIGHT EST UNTIL 5PM EST TUESDAY FOR LMZ043-LMZ046. &&

$$

AVIATION/UPDATE...TAYLOR SHORT TERM...HICKMAN LONG TERM....HITCHCOCK


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS NORTHERN INDIANA
AFDIWX 330 PM EST SAT JAN 13 2007

.SHORT TERM... TONIGHT AND SUNDAY

WILL SIDE MORE WITH THE 12Z NAM-WRF THAN THE 12Z GFS FOR THIS FORECAST PACKAGE. THE THERMAL PROFILES SEEM MORE PLAUSIBLE THAN THE GFS AS SEEN BY MOST CURRENT TAMDAR DATA.

AT 19Z...SFC ANALYSIS DEPICTED A NEARLY STATIONARY FRONTAL BOUNDARY NEAR THE OHIO RIVER. THIS FRONT WILL UNDULATE SOME OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS AS WAVES OF SFC LOW PRESSURE RIPPLE NE ALONG IT. MEANWHILE...ARCTIC HIGH PRESSURE WAS SPRAWLED FROM ONTARIO WESTWARD INTO THE UPR MS RIVER VLY. COLDER AIR HAS MADE ITS WAY INTO THE NRN THIRD OF THE FCST VIA SFC NE FLOW. THE FORECAST DILEMMA FOR TONIGHT INTO SUNDAY WILL BE HOW FAR SOUTH THE FREEZING LINE WILL MOVE AND HOW THIS WILL AFFECT PCPN TYPE.

FOR TONIGHT...A TANDEM OF UPR LVL S/WVS WILL ROTATE NE INTO THE WRN GREAT LAKES AND OHIO VLY REGION FROM THE SRN PLAINS/LOWER MS RIVER VLY. THESE S/WVS WILL PROVIDE UPR SUPPORT FOR VERTICAL LIFT. IN ADDITION...MODELS INDICATE THAT WARM...MOIST ISENTROPIC LIFT WILL DEVELOP TONIGHT...CONTINUING INTO SUNDAY. THE COMBINATION OF THE LIFT FROM THE S/WVS AND THE LIFT FROM MOIST...WARM AIR ADVECTION WILL CAUSE PCPN TO BREAK OUT FROM W TO EAST OVERNIGHT. WITH TEMPS AT OR BELOW FREEZING ACRS THE NRN TWO THIRDS OF THE FCST AREA AND WITH A WARM TONGUE OF AIR EXPECTED ALOFT...PCPN WILL FALL IN THE FORM OF FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET. ICE ACCUMULATIONS FROM THE FREEZING RAIN WILL BE ON THE LIGHT SIDE OVERNIGHT...MEASURING 0.05 OF AN INCH OR LESS. HOWEVER...ANY ICE WILL BE A HAZARD TO TRAVEL. HENCE...WILL ISSUE WINTER WX AND FREEZING RAIN ADVISORIES FOR TONIGHT STARING AFTER MIDNIGHT. ON SUNDAY...THERE MAY BE A BRIEF LULL IN THE PCPN BY AFTN AS AFOREMENTIONED S/WVS PIVOT OFF TO THE NE. HOWEVER...ANOTHER DISTURBANCE AND STRONGER WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE WILL APCH THE OHIO VALLEY BY EARLY EVENING...SPREADING WIDESPREAD PCPN BACK INTO THE REGION. KEEPING THIS IN MIND...HAVE DECIDED TO KEEP LIKELY POPS FOR THE ENTIRE PERIOD. TEMPERATURES WILL ONLY WARM SLIGHTLY DURING THE DAY...PERHAPS 3 TO 5 DEGREES FROM MORNING LOWS. ANY FREEZING RAIN BY AFTN WILL PROBABLY NOT ACCUMULATE MUCH WITH TEMPS HOVERING IN THE 32 TO 34 DEGREE RANGE. TO KEEP HEADLINES SOMEWHAT SIMPLISTIC WILL EXTEND THE ADVISORY THROUGH THE ENTIRE DAY AS ICING WILL LIKELY OCCUR DURING THE MORNING HOURS (ANOTHER 0.05 OF AN INCH). ALSO...THIS WILL MATCH UP WITH THE LONG TERM FORECASTER/S PLAN TO ISSUE A WINTER STORM WATCH FOR THE SUNDAY NIGHT/MONDAY TIME FRAME DUE TO THE NEXT WEATHER SYSTEM TO AFFECT THE REGION.

&&

.LONG TERM... SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY

VERY CHALLENGING LONG TERM WITH THE FOCUS CONTINUING TO LIE WITH POTENTIAL MAJOR MIXED PRECIP EVENT AT THE START OF THE PERIOD. WATER VAPOR IMAGERY THIS AFTERNOON SHOWING A WELL DEVELOPED MID/UPPER LEVEL TROUGH AND EMBEDDED CLOSED CIRCULATION OVER THE WESTERN CONUS. A DEEP PLUME OF SUB-TROPICAL MOISTURE EMANATING FROM THE LOW LATITUDES OF THE PACIFIC STRETCHES INTO THE CENTRAL CONUS IN ADVANCE OF THE WESTERN TROUGH WITH PWAT SOME 2-3 STDEV ABOVE NORMAL FOR JAN. THIS WILL SET THE STAGE FOR YET ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT QPF EVENT...ONLY THIS TIME THERE WILL BE A LOW LEVEL ARCTIC AIRMASS ATTEMPTING TO UNDERCUT THE CONTINUED WARM/MOIST SW FLOW ALOFT.

SIMILAR TO MIDNIGHT SHIFT...HAVE LEANED TOWARDS THE STRONGER AND FARTHER NW SOLUTION OF THE NAM OVER THE FLATTER AND SUPPRESSED GFS SOLUTION. THE NAM HAS SUPPORT FROM BOTH THE CANADIAN REGIONAL GEM AND THE UKMET FOR THE PAST SEVERAL RUNS. ON SUNDAY SHORTWAVE ENERGY AND ASSOCIATED HEIGHT FALLS EJECTING OUT OF MEAN WESTERN CONUS TROUGH WILL SPAWN ANOTHER SURFACE WAVE ALONG THE BAROCLINIC BOUNDARY STRETCHING FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE OHIO VALLEY. BOTH NAM/GFS SHOW RAPIDLY STRENGTHENING UPPER LEVEL JET ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES SUN NGT IN ADVANCE OF TROUGH EJECTION WITH AREA OF STRONG UPPER LEVEL DIVERGENCE DEVELOPING WITHIN THE RIGHT ENTRANCE REGION OVER THE CWA. THE UPPER LEVEL SUPPORT COUPLED WITH LOW LEVEL ISENTROPIC ASCENT/THETA-E ADVECTION SHOULD SUPPORT A BROAD AREA OF LIFT SUN NGT INTO MON AM. GIVEN THE ANOMALOUS HIGH AVAILABLE MOISTURE WITHIN SUB-TROPICAL MOISTURE PLUME...FEEL ALL MODEL GUIDANCE MAY VERY WELL BE UNDER-FORECASTING QPF IN THE COLD SECTOR. SIGNIFICANT QPF OF A HALF INCH OR MORE IS POSSIBLE IN AREAS WHICH WILL BE AT OR BELOW FREEZING AT THE SURFACE...WITH HEAVIER AMOUNTS IN THE FAR SOUTHERN PART OF THE CWA WHERE DEEPER MOISTURE AND WARMER TEMPS ARE FORECAST.

NEXT QUESTION IS PTYPE. AGAIN...FAVORED THE NAM THERMAL PROFILES IN FAVOR OF A STRONGER AND FARTHER NORTH TRACK...WHICH WOULD IMPLY WARMER TEMPS ALOFT. NAM POINT SOUNDINGS FAVORABLE FOR FZRA AND IP ACROSS MUCH OF THE NORTHERN 2/3 OF THE CWA...WITH TENDENCY TOWARDS MORE SLEET FARTHER NORTH WITH A DEEPER NEAR SURFACE COLD LAYER. THE ONLY PORTION OF THE CWA WITH SOUNDINGS SUPPORT SNOW SUN NGT BASED ON CURRENT 12Z NAM RUN WOULD BE THE FAR NW CORNER FROM NEAR MCY TO BEH. FOLLOWING THIS TREND...HAVE REDUCED THE AMOUNT OF SNOW MENTION IN GRIDS AND INCREASED FZRA/IP MENTION. LEFT THE SOUTHERN 1/3 OF THE CWA AS MAINLY RAIN SUN NGT...POSSIBLY SOME FZRA LATE AS TEMPS COOL TO NEAR FREEZING. HAVE HOISTED A WINTER STORM WATCH FOR SUN NGT THROUGH MIDDAY MON FOR ROUGHLY THE NORTHERN 2/3 OF THE CWA FOR A COMBINATION OF FZRA AND SLEET...WITH SOME SNOW IN THE MIX AS WELL IN THE FAR NW. A FLOOD WATCH HAS ALSO BEEN HOISTED FOR THE SAME TIME FRAME ACROSS THE SOUTH FOR A COMBINATION OF POTENTIAL RIVER FLOODING AND ALSO POOR DRAINAGE TYPE FLOODING. STILL SOME UNCERTAINTY WITH EXACT TRACK AND SURFACE TEMPS...BUT IF THE EXPECTED GREATER QPF VERIFIES COULD SEE SIGNIFICANT ICE AND/OR SLEET ACCUMULATION FOR A PORTION OF THE CWA.

ON MONDAY SLOWER/WARMER NAM STILL FAVORS A MIXED BAG IN THE MORNING...THEN AS LOW/MID LEVEL CAA RAMPS UP IN THE AFTERNOON ANY REMAINING PRECIP SHOULD CHANGE TO ALL SNOW FROM NW TO SE. ATTENTION THEN TURNS TO LAKE EFFECT POTENTIAL. FROM LATE MON AFTERNOON THROUGH TUE NW FLOW OF MUCH COLDER AIR ARRIVES. 12Z NAM BUFKIT ANALYSIS SHOWING MODERATE COLLIER INDEX AND FAIRLY WELL ALIGNED NW FLOW WITH A GOOD AMOUNT OF AMBIENT SYNOPTIC SCALE MOISTURE BENEATH AN INVERSION CENTERED AROUND 7K FEET. INSTABILITY PARAMETERS AND PATTERN RECOGNITION POINT TOWARDS A POTENTIALLY DECENT LAKE EFFECT EVENT. THIS IS STILL SEVERAL DAYS OFF...AND WITH FOCUS ON SYNOPTIC EVENT STILL PLENTY OF TIME TO WATCH FUTURE MODEL TRENDS. FOR NOW HAVE INCREASED POPS TO LIKELY SE OF THE LAKE WITH A LARGE AREA OF CHANCE POPS IN AREAS FAVORED BY NW FLOW. LITTLE CHANGE TO REMAINDER OF FORECAST FROM TUE NGT THROUGH SAT.

&&

.AVIATION... COLD FRONTAL BOUNDARY HAS JUST ABOUT STALLED OUT NEAR THE OHIO RIVER THIS AFTERNOON. MOSAIC AND SURROUNDING RADARS INDICATE THAT PCPN HAS ENDED FOR THE MOST PART ACRS THE FCST AREA...AND DRY WX IS EXPECTED THROUGH AT LEAST 06Z SUNDAY. THEN...SVRL WEAK WX DISTURBANCES ALOFT...COMBINED WITH A RETURN TO ISENTROPIC LIFT/WARM MOIST ADVECTION...WILL CAUSE PCPN TO FORM AFTER 06Z...WITH AREAL COVERAGE INCREASING BY 12Z SUNDAY. COLDER AIR HAS FILTERED SOUTHWARD INTO FAR NRN INDIANA...AND TEMPERATURES AT OR BELOW FREEZING ARE EXPECTED AT THE TAF SITES FROM 06Z THROUGH AT LEAST 18Z. THE COLD AIR AT THE SFC IN CONJUNCTION WITH A BULGE OF WARMER AIR ALOFT WILL RESULT IN FZRA AND SLEET. AT THIS POINT...KSBN HAS THE BEST CHC FOR SOME SLEET WHILE KFWA SHOULD ONLY SEE FZRA. CIGS ARE IN THE IFR CATEGORY THIS AFTN...AND THEY WILL DROP INTO THE LIFR CATEGORY OVERNIGHT AFTER THE ONSET OF PCPN. VSBYS TOO WILL DROP INTO THE IFR RANGE IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE PCPN.

&&

.IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...FLOOD WATCH FROM SUNDAY EVENING THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR INZ020-INZ022-INZ023-INZ024-INZ025-INZ026-INZ027-INZ032- INZ033-INZ034.

FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY FROM MIDNIGHT EST /11 PM CST/ TONIGHT TO 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ SUNDAY FOR INZ008-INZ009-INZ013-INZ015- INZ016-INZ017-INZ018.

WINTER STORM WATCH FROM SUNDAY EVENING THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR INZ003-INZ004-INZ005-INZ006-INZ007-INZ008-INZ009-INZ012- INZ013-INZ014-INZ015-INZ016-INZ017-INZ018.

WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM MIDNIGHT EST /11 PM CST/ TONIGHT TO 7 PM EST /6 PM CST/ SUNDAY FOR INZ003-INZ004-INZ005-INZ006- INZ007-INZ012-INZ014.

MI...WINTER STORM WATCH FROM SUNDAY EVENING THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR MIZ077-MIZ078-MIZ079-MIZ080-MIZ081.

WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 7 PM EST SUNDAY FOR MIZ077-MIZ078-MIZ079-MIZ080-MIZ081.

OH...FLOOD WATCH FROM SUNDAY EVENING THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR OHZ016-OHZ024-OHZ025.

FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 7 PM EST SUNDAY FOR OHZ001-OHZ002-OHZ004-OHZ005-OHZ015.

WINTER STORM WATCH FROM SUNDAY EVENING THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR OHZ001-OHZ002-OHZ004-OHZ005-OHZ015.

LM...NONE. &&

$$

SHORT TERM/AVIATION...HICKMAN LONG TERM....HITCHCOCK


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS WICHITA KS
AFDICT 253 PM CST SAT JAN 13 2007

.SYNOPSIS...

SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS OVER VALIDITY OF LATEST MODEL RUNS. OF PARTICULAR NOTE IS DEARTH OF OBSERVATIONAL DATA ACROSS SOUTHWESTERN US...ESPECIALLY SOUTHERN NEVADA/NORTHWEST AZ/UT. ACARS DATA AROUND 1200 UTC IS EVEN LACKING. GIVEN MOST PRECIPITATION HAS BEEN DRIVEN BY WEAKER RIPPLES OVER HIGHLY BAROCLINIC LOW LEVELS... CONFIDENCE IS GOING TO BE LOW. ALSO OF NOTE...WATER VAPOR LOOP SUGGEST DECENT AMOUNT OF ENERGY ABOUT TO ROUND THE CLOUD BASE OF LONG WAVE TROUGH WELL OFF GULF OF CA. HOW WELL THIS WILL BE HANDLED IS ALSO SUSPECT. ON THE PLUS SIDE...LATEST RUNS SOMEWHAT SIMILAR TO YESTERDAYS RUNS...WHICH AT LEAST MEANS NO BIG CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS THINKING.

&&

.DISCUSSION...

TONIGHT-SUN:

PLAN TO KEEP HEADLINES GOING...ALTHOUGH MAKING CRITERIA MAY BE MARGINAL. FORCING WILL BE ON THE WANE TONIGHT ONCE CURRENT BATCH OF PRECIPITATION EAST OF I-35 MOVES OUT...WITH LIGHT PRECIPITATION ANTICIPATED FOR REMAINDER OF THE NIGHT. PRECIPITATION TYPE WILL LIKELY BE SOME COMBO OF LIGHT SNOW/LIGHT ICE PELLETS/LIGHT FREEZING DRIZZLE. NEXT SIGNIFICANT SHORTWAVE WILL ENTER SOUTHWEST CORNER OF FORECAST AREA AROUND 1200 UTC...AND SPREAD NE DURING THE DAY. MAIN CONCERN IS AREA WEST OF A LINE FROM KINGMAN TO MCPHERSON...WHERE MARGINALLY DECENT LAPSE RATES AND PERSISTENCE OF LIFT WILL BE MAXIMIZED. 1200 UTC RUNS CONTINUE TO FORECAST A COUPLED UPPER JET SO WILL ALSO BE DECENT UPPER SUPPORT. JUST NOT ENOUGH CONFIDENCE IN LAPSE RATES AND LIFT TO REALLY JUMP ON SNOW AMOUNTS...ESPECIALLY IF FAIR AMOUNT OF THE PRECIPITATION IS SLEET. MINIMUM WILL LIKELY BE AROUND ICT AND AREAS IMMEDIATELY SOUTH. IN SOUTHEAST KS PRECIPITATION WILL START LATE MORNING AND PERSIST INTO THE EVENING. AGAIN SLIGHTLY LONGER PERSISTENCE WILL ADD ACCUMULATION. WITH THERMAL PROFILE NOT EXPECTED TO CHANGE SIGNIFICANTLY...EXPECT A COMBO OF TYPE THERE AS WELL.

SUN NIGHT-MON:

PRECIPITATION WILL MOST LIKELY BE ON THE WANE BY MIDNIGHT. CAVEAT MAY BE IF LAGGING UPPER WAVE DOES SLOW OVERALL PROGRESSION DOWN... PRECIPITATION MAY LINGER INTO MON. GOING CONSENSUS WAS TO NIX PRECIPITATION.

TUE-SAT:

EARLY IN THIS PERIOD MAIN CONCERN WILL BE COLD TEMPERATURES WITH GOOD DIURNAL COOLING FOLLOWED BY MODERATING TEMPERATURES WITH ARCTIC AIRMASS OVER THE AREA. HOW LONG/HOW PRONOUNCED THESE IMPACTS WILL BE WILL BE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON WHAT OCCURS IN THE NEXT 24-36 HOURS. LATER IN THE PERIOD...GIVEN HIGH LEVEL OF UNCERTAINTY WITH ONGOING PATTERN CHANGE AND ANOTHER PATTERN CHANGE IN THE OFFING FOR LATE IN THE WEEK...OPTED NOT TO INTRO PRECIPITATION CHANCES JUST YET ON DAY 7. AT FACE VALUE...BOTH 0600 UTC GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM MODEL/00 UTC EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS MODEL WOULD SUGGEST SOME OVERRUNNING PRECIPITATION NORTH OF FRONTAL BOUNDARY WHICH WOULD MOVE THROUGH THE AREA THU AFTERNOON PER GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM MODEL OR LATE FRI AFTERNOON OR EVENING PER EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS MODEL. THE LATTER IS 12 HOUR EARLIER THAN PREVIOUS RUN. DEPTH...TIMING AND ORIENTATION OF LONGWAVE TROUGH OVER WESTERN US ARE STILL UNCERTAIN AS WELL. AT THIS POINT...DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE A MAJOR SURFACE CYCLONE IN THE OFFING WITH THIS UPPER SYSTEM...SO PRECIPITATION WILL BE DEPENDENT ON SUBTLE ORIENTATION OF WINDS AND THERMAL GRADIENT. -HOWERTON

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... WICHITA-KICT 11 16 10 19 / 40 100 30 10 HUTCHINSON 10 15 9 18 / 40 100 40 10 NEWTON 10 16 9 18 / 30 100 40 10 ELDORADO 11 17 10 19 / 40 100 40 10 WINFIELD-KWLD 14 19 11 20 / 50 100 20 0 RUSSELL 9 15 7 16 / 40 100 60 10 GREAT BEND 10 15 8 16 / 40 100 50 10 SALINA 10 15 8 17 / 30 100 60 10 MCPHERSON 10 15 9 17 / 30 100 50 10 COFFEYVILLE 17 23 14 22 / 60 100 30 10 CHANUTE 15 21 13 21 / 60 100 30 10 IOLA 14 20 13 20 / 60 100 30 10 PARSONS-KPPF 16 22 14 22 / 60 100 30 10

&&

.ICT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WINTER STORM WARNING UNTIL 6 PM CST SUNDAY FOR KSZ032-033- 047>053-067>072-082-083-091>096-098>100.

&&

$$


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS LOUISVILLE KY
AFDLMK 1016 AM EST SAT JAN 13 2007

.MORNING UPDATE (THIS AFTERNOON/TONIGHT)...

CURRENT MORNING SFC ANALYSIS REVEALS COLD FRONT FROM NEAR CMH SW TO JUST WEST OF MEM. PRETTY GOOD TEMPERATURE GRADIENT NOTED ACROSS THE FAR NW PORTION OF THE DISTRICT WITH READINGS IN THE MID AND UPPER 50S ACROSS MUCH OF THE FA...BUT UP NEAR JASPER TEMPERATURES HAVE DROPPED INTO THE MID 40S. AREA RADARS SHOWING NEXT ROUND OF LIGHT TO MODERATE RAIN MOVING IN FROM THE WEST WHICH WILL PASS THROUGH THE FA THIS AFTERNOON. EASTERN SECTIONS WILL SEE A GENERAL DOWNWARD TREND IN PRECIPITATION LATE THIS MORNING BEFORE INCREASING AGAIN IN THE AFTERNOON.

LOOKING AT THE LATEST SHORT TERM GUIDANCE...THE RUC MODELS (13KM/40KM) SEEM TO HAVE A VERY GOOD HANDLE ON TEMPERATURES THIS MORNING. THE RUC MODELS SEEM TO BRING THE FRONT TO ABOUT LOUISVILLE LATE THIS EVENING AND THEN STALLING IT OUT. THE NET RESULT WOULD BE TEMPERATURES ACROSS OUR SOUTHERN INDIANA COUNTIES WOULD FALL DURING THE AFTERNOON INTO THE MID AND UPPER 40S WITH ALL OF THE KY COUNTIES TEMPERATURES HOLDING STEADY IN THE MID TO UPPER 50S.

CURRENT FORECAST IS GOOD SHAPE RIGHT NOW...BUT WILL NEED TO MAKE SOME MINOR ADJUSTMENTS TO THE TEMP GRIDS TO REFLECT CURRENT RUC TRENDS.

ON THE HYDROLOGICAL SIDE...AT THE PRESENT TIME WE ARE IN GOOD SHAPE. THE LIGHT TO MODERATE RAINS THUS FAR HAVE NOT RESULTED IN EXCESSIVE RUNOFF. HOWEVER...MAIN BULK OF PRECIPITATION ACCUMULATION IS FORECAST TO IMPACT THE REGION LATE TONIGHT AND ON SUNDAY. THEREFORE...CURRENT FLOOD WATCH WILL REMAIN IN EFFECT.

UPDATED FORECAST SUITE WILL BE AVAILABLE BY 1100 AM EST.

-MJ

PREVIOUS DISCUSSION FOLLOWS...

.SHORT TERM (TODAY AND TONIGHT)...

CURRENTLY...DEEP SWRLY FLOW IS DOMINATING ACROSS THE REGION. A COLD FRONT IS QUICKLY APPROACHING FROM THE WEST AND IS PUSHING THROUGH EVV ATTM. LOW-LEVEL COLD AIR IS FILTERING IN BEHIND THE FRONT FASTER THAN MODELS HAD ANTICIPATED. LARGE AMOUNT OF ISENTROPIC LIFT OVER THE COLD AIR HAS LED TO QUITE AN ICING EVENT OVER PORTIONS OF OK INTO MO. LARGE TEMP GRADIENT PRESENT AS WELL...AS PAH WAS AT 60 DEGREES AND CAPE GIRARDEAU AT 39 DEGREES AT 2AM EST.

DESPITE COLD FRONT QUICKLY APPROACHING...A LOW PRESSURE WAVE OVER THE TEXARKANA REGION RIDING NEWD ALONG THE FRONT WILL HELP SLOW THE FRONT`S PROGRESSION...AND WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR OUR FIRST WAVE OF POTENTIALLY HEAVY PRECIP...WHICH IS CURRENTLY OVER WRN KY. THIS AREA SHOULD EXPAND AND FILTER INTO OUR CWA THROUGHOUT THE MORNING. MAY EVEN SEE A RUMBLE OF THUNDER OR TWO WITH THIS FIRST BATCH OF RAINFALL GIVEN UPSTREAM TRENDS. WILL ONLY MENTION ISLD THREAT WEST OF I-65 THIS MORNING. AFTER THIS MORNING`S MAIN AREA OF PRECIP...A LULL IN THE PRECIP SHOULD OCCUR THIS AFTERNOON BEFORE ANOTHER LOW PRESSURE WAVE RIDES NEWD ALONG THE FRONT TONIGHT...CAUSING ANOTHER BOUT OF POTENTIALLY HEAVY RAIN.

THOUGH RAIN ONSET IS LATER THAN ANTICIPATED...STILL THINK THE FLOOD WATCH IS WARRANTED THROUGH THE WEEKEND. PWATS ARE OVER AN INCH NOW...AND NAM BUFKIT SOUNDINGS INDICATE NEAR 1.5 INCHES THIS EVENING...WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY THE 4-5 STD DEVIATIONS ABV NORMAL POSED BY THE SHORT-RANGE ENSEMBLES. ALSO...NAM AND GFS INDICATE SOME ELEVATED INSTABILITY WITH LI`S AROUND ZERO TONIGHT...WHICH WILL AID IN OVERALL PRECIP AMOUNTS GIVEN THIS CONVECTION. STILL THINK SOME LOCATIONS COULD SEE 2-3 INCHES OF RAINFALL...WITH ISOLATED LOCATIONS SEEING 4 INCHES OR MORE. HOWEVER...GIVEN THE SLOW ONSET THINK A WIDESPREAD FLOODING EVENT IS NOT LIKELY...THOUGH A MINOR AND MORE ISOLATED FLOODING EVENT IS CERTAINLY POSSIBLE...SO WILL CONTINUE FLOOD WATCH. MAY DOWN PLAY AMOUNTS A WEE BIT BUT THAT IS ALL.

THE FRONT WILL BE CLOSELY ALIGNED WITH THE OHIO RIVER AROUND SUNRISE AND SHOULD BE IN NEARLY THE SAME LOCATION OR JUST SE BY MIDNIGHT TONIGHT. WILL KEEP CATEGORICAL POPS GOING...WITH MENTION OF LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL.

FOR AVIATION CONCERNS...HAVE LOW-LEVEL WIND SHEAR IN ALL THE TAF SITES THIS MORNING GIVEN THE STRONG SWRLY JET OF 40-45 KTS OVER THE CWA NOW...EVIDENT FROM AREA VWPS AND SDF ACARS SOUNDINGS. MAY SEE SOME GUSTY WINDS HERE AND THERE...BUT NOTHING OUT OF HAND AS CLOUDY SKIES SHOULD HELP INHIBIT LARGER GUSTS.

TEMPS WILL BE TRICKY TODAY...AND COULD HAVE QUITE THE GRADIENT ACROSS THE CWA...ESPECIALLY BY MIDDAY. TEMPS MAY DROP AND/OR STEADY OUT ACROSS THE NW...WITH CURRENT READINGS IN THE UPPER 50S DROPPING TO THE UPPER 40S AND HOLDING THERE. THE SERN CWA COULD SEE HIGHS A FEW DEGREES WARMER THAN CURRENT READINGS...AND SHOULD STICK AROUND 60 FOR THE MOST PART. OVERNIGHT LOWS WILL NOT BUDGE MUCH AND SHOULD BE JUST A FEW DEGREES COLDER THAN HIGHS TODAY.

AL

.LONG TERM (SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY)...

SUNDAY AND MONDAY...

FORECAST CHALLENGE WILL BE PLACEMENT OF THE COLD FRONT AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PERIOD. LATEST SHORT RANGE MODELS DID NOT INITIALIZE SHALLOW COLD AIR WELL AND FEEL IT WILL BE FURTHER SOUTH THAN MODELS SUGGEST. SURFACE WAVE SHOULD SHIFT THE COLD AIR NORTH SOME DURING THE AFTERNOON SUNDAY AND AT THIS TIME WE WILL KEEP PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE NORTH IN THE FORM OF RAIN. THE AXIS OF HEAVY RAIN SUNDAY AND SUNDAY NIGHT STILL LOOKS TO BE ALONG THE OHIO RIVER WHERE AN INCH TO AN INCH AND A HALF WILL BE POSSIBLE. LIGHTEST AMOUNTS WILL OCCUR ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST PORTION OF THE COUNTY FORECAST AREA. WE WILL HOLD ONTO ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS SOUTH OF THE OHIO RIVER SUNDAY WHERE BEST DYNAMICS EXIST...ALTHOUGH INSTABILITY WILL BE LACKING.

TEMPERATURES WILL BE A CONCERN AS WELL AS A 10 TO 15 DEGREE GRADIENT WILL BE NOTED ACROSS THE COLD FRONT. HIGHS SUNDAY WILL TOP OUT IN THE LOWER 40S ACROSS SOUTHERN INDIANA WITH UPPER 50S EXPECTED NEAR THE TENNESSEE BORDER.

ONCE THE SURFACE LOW MOVES NORTHEAST OF THE REGION THE MODIFIED ARCTIC AIR WILL ENTER THE FORECAST AREA MONDAY. HIGHEST TEMPERATURES WILL OCCUR DURING THE MORNING. LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS WILL BE POSSIBLE MONDAY BUT NO ACCUMULATION IS EXPECTED.

JA

TUESDAY THROUGH FRIDAY...

NOT MUCH CHANGE IN THE FORECAST THROUGH THIS TIME PERIOD. WITH FRONT CONTINUING TO OUR SOUTH AND HIGH PRESSURE BUILDING IN FROM THE UPPER PLAINS...NORTHERLY WINDS WILL GET THE LAKE-EFFECT SNOW MACHINE GOING TO OUR NORTH. DOWN THIS FAR SOUTH...FEEL THAT SCT FLURRIES WILL BE POSSIBLE DURING THE DAY ON TUESDAY AND WILL LEAVE AS SUCH. BETTER CHC FOR SNOW SHOWERS WOULD EXIST OVER FAR EAST KY IN THE FAVORED UPSLOPE REGIONS. DRY FORECAST IS ANTICIPATED FOR WEDNESDAY THROUGH FRIDAY AS HIGH PRESSURE CONTINUES TO BUILD OVER THE REGION. TEMPERATURES AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PD WILL BE WELL BELOW NORMAL WITH HIGHS IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S AND OVERNIGHT LOWS IN THE UPPER TEENS. SOME MODERATION IN THE TEMPERATURES WILL OCCUR BY THURSDAY AND FRIDAY WITH TEMPERATURES WARMING SLIGHTLY INTO THE MID AND UPPER 30S. GENERALLY STUCK CLOSE TO THE HPC GUIDANCE THROUGH THIS PERIOD.

MJ

&&

.LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KY...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE SUNDAY NIGHT FOR KYZ023>043-045>049- 053>057-061>067-070>078-081-082.

IN...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE SUNDAY NIGHT FOR INZ076>079-083-084- 089>092.

&&

$$


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS LOUISVILLE KY
AFDLMK 259 AM EST SAT JAN 13 2007

.SHORT TERM (TODAY AND TONIGHT)...

CURRENTLY...DEEP SWRLY FLOW IS DOMINATING ACROSS THE REGION. A COLD FRONT IS QUICKLY APPROACHING FROM THE WEST AND IS PUSHING THROUGH EVV ATTM. LOW-LEVEL COLD AIR IS FILTERING IN BEHIND THE FRONT FASTER THAN MODELS HAD ANTICIPATED. LARGE AMOUNT OF ISENTROPIC LIFT OVER THE COLD AIR HAS LED TO QUITE AN ICING EVENT OVER PORTIONS OF OK INTO MO. LARGE TEMP GRADIENT PRESENT AS WELL...AS PAH WAS AT 60 DEGREES AND CAPE GIRARDEAU AT 39 DEGREES AT 2AM EST.

DESPITE COLD FRONT QUICKLY APPROACHING...A LOW PRESSURE WAVE OVER THE TEXARKANA REGION RIDING NEWD ALONG THE FRONT WILL HELP SLOW THE FRONT`S PROGRESSION...AND WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR OUR FIRST WAVE OF POTENTIALLY HEAVY PRECIP...WHICH IS CURRENTLY OVER WRN KY. THIS AREA SHOULD EXPAND AND FILTER INTO OUR CWA THROUGHOUT THE MORNING. MAY EVEN SEE A RUMBLE OF THUNDER OR TWO WITH THIS FIRST BATCH OF RAINFALL GIVEN UPSTREAM TRENDS. WILL ONLY MENTION ISLD THREAT WEST OF I-65 THIS MORNING. AFTER THIS MORNING`S MAIN AREA OF PRECIP...A LULL IN THE PRECIP SHOULD OCCUR THIS AFTERNOON BEFORE ANOTHER LOW PRESSURE WAVE RIDES NEWD ALONG THE FRONT TONIGHT...CAUSING ANOTHER BOUT OF POTENTIALLY HEAVY RAIN.

THOUGH RAIN ONSET IS LATER THAN ANTICIPATED...STILL THINK THE FLOOD WATCH IS WARRANTED THROUGH THE WEEKEND. PWATS ARE OVER AN INCH NOW...AND NAM BUFKIT SOUNDINGS INDICATE NEAR 1.5 INCHES THIS EVENING...WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY THE 4-5 STD DEVIATIONS ABV NORMAL POSED BY THE SHORT-RANGE ENSEMBLES. ALSO...NAM AND GFS INDICATE SOME ELEVATED INSTABILITY WITH LI`S AROUND ZERO TONIGHT...WHICH WILL AID IN OVERALL PRECIP AMOUNTS GIVEN THIS CONVECTION. STILL THINK SOME LOCATIONS COULD SEE 2-3 INCHES OF RAINFALL...WITH ISOLATED LOCATIONS SEEING 4 INCHES OR MORE. HOWEVER...GIVEN THE SLOW ONSET THINK A WIDESPREAD FLOODING EVENT IS NOT LIKELY...THOUGH A MINOR AND MORE ISOLATED FLOODING EVENT IS CERTAINLY POSSIBLE...SO WILL CONTINUE FLOOD WATCH. MAY DOWN PLAY AMOUNTS A WEE BIT BUT THAT IS ALL.

THE FRONT WILL BE CLOSELY ALIGNED WITH THE OHIO RIVER AROUND SUNRISE AND SHOULD BE IN NEARLY THE SAME LOCATION OR JUST SE BY MIDNIGHT TONIGHT. WILL KEEP CATEGORICAL POPS GOING...WITH MENTION OF LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL.

FOR AVIATION CONCERNS...HAVE LOW-LEVEL WIND SHEAR IN ALL THE TAF SITES THIS MORNING GIVEN THE STRONG SWRLY JET OF 40-45 KTS OVER THE CWA NOW...EVIDENT FROM AREA VWPS AND SDF ACARS SOUNDINGS. MAY SEE SOME GUSTY WINDS HERE AND THERE...BUT NOTHING OUT OF HAND AS CLOUDY SKIES SHOULD HELP INHIBIT LARGER GUSTS.

TEMPS WILL BE TRICKY TODAY...AND COULD HAVE QUITE THE GRADIENT ACROSS THE CWA...ESPECIALLY BY MIDDAY. TEMPS MAY DROP AND/OR STEADY OUT ACROSS THE NW...WITH CURRENT READINGS IN THE UPPER 50S DROPPING TO THE UPPER 40S AND HOLDING THERE. THE SERN CWA COULD SEE HIGHS A FEW DEGREES WARMER THAN CURRENT READINGS...AND SHOULD STICK AROUND 60 FOR THE MOST PART. OVERNIGHT LOWS WILL NOT BUDGE MUCH AND SHOULD BE JUST A FEW DEGREES COLDER THAN HIGHS TODAY.

AL

.LONG TERM (SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY)...

SUNDAY AND MONDAY...

FORECAST CHALLENGE WILL BE PLACEMENT OF THE COLD FRONT AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PERIOD. LATEST SHORT RANGE MODELS DID NOT INITIALIZE SHALLOW COLD AIR WELL AND FEEL IT WILL BE FURTHER SOUTH THAN MODELS SUGGEST. SURFACE WAVE SHOULD SHIFT THE COLD AIR NORTH SOME DURING THE AFTERNOON SUNDAY AND AT THIS TIME WE WILL KEEP PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE NORTH IN THE FORM OF RAIN. THE AXIS OF HEAVY RAIN SUNDAY AND SUNDAY NIGHT STILL LOOKS TO BE ALONG THE OHIO RIVER WHERE AN INCH TO AN INCH AND A HALF WILL BE POSSIBLE. LIGHTEST AMOUNTS WILL OCCUR ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST PORTION OF THE COUNTY FORECAST AREA. WE WILL HOLD ONTO ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS SOUTH OF THE OHIO RIVER SUNDAY WHERE BEST DYNAMICS EXIST...ALTHOUGH INSTABILITY WILL BE LACKING.

TEMPERATURES WILL BE A CONCERN AS WELL AS A 10 TO 15 DEGREE GRADIENT WILL BE NOTED ACROSS THE COLD FRONT. HIGHS SUNDAY WILL TOP OUT IN THE LOWER 40S ACROSS SOUTHERN INDIANA WITH UPPER 50S EXPECTED NEAR THE TENNESSEE BORDER.

ONCE THE SURFACE LOW MOVES NORTHEAST OF THE REGION THE MODIFIED ARCTIC AIR WILL ENTER THE FORECAST AREA MONDAY. HIGHEST TEMPERATURES WILL OCCUR DURING THE MORNING. LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS WILL BE POSSIBLE MONDAY BUT NO ACCUMULATION IS EXPECTED.

JA

TUESDAY THROUGH FRIDAY...

NOT MUCH CHANGE IN THE FORECAST THROUGH THIS TIME PERIOD. WITH FRONT CONTINUING TO OUR SOUTH AND HIGH PRESSURE BUILDING IN FROM THE UPPER PLAINS...NORTHERLY WINDS WILL GET THE LAKE-EFFECT SNOW MACHINE GOING TO OUR NORTH. DOWN THIS FAR SOUTH...FEEL THAT SCT FLURRIES WILL BE POSSIBLE DURING THE DAY ON TUESDAY AND WILL LEAVE AS SUCH. BETTER CHC FOR SNOW SHOWERS WOULD EXIST OVER FAR EAST KY IN THE FAVORED UPSLOPE REGIONS. DRY FORECAST IS ANTICIPATED FOR WEDNESDAY THROUGH FRIDAY AS HIGH PRESSURE CONTINUES TO BUILD OVER THE REGION. TEMPERATURES AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PD WILL BE WELL BELOW NORMAL WITH HIGHS IN THE UPPER 20S TO LOWER 30S AND OVERNIGHT LOWS IN THE UPPER TEENS. SOME MODERATION IN THE TEMPERATURES WILL OCCUR BY THURSDAY AND FRIDAY WITH TEMPERATURES WARMING SLIGHTLY INTO THE MID AND UPPER 30S. GENERALLY STUCK CLOSE TO THE HPC GUIDANCE THROUGH THIS PERIOD.

MJ

&&

.LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KY...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE SUNDAY NIGHT FOR KYZ023>043-045>049- 053>057-061>067-070>078-081-082.

IN...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE SUNDAY NIGHT FOR INZ076>079-083-084- 089>092.

&&

$$


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS MARQUETTE MI
AFDMQT 410 PM EST SAT JAN 13 2007

.SYNOPSIS... WV IMAGERY INDICATED CONFLUENT MID/UPPER LEVEL FLOW FROM THE NRN PLAINS TO THE WRN GREAT LAKES WITH A SRN BRANCH TROF OVER THE SW CONUS AND BROAD CYCLONIC NRN STREAM FLOW THROUGH SRN CANADA. AN UPSTREAM SHRTWV WAS SLIDING SE FROM CNTRL/NRN MANITOBA INTO NW ONTARIO. MID/HIGH CLOUDS WERE ALSO STREAMING INTO THE REGION WITH SW FLOW FROM THE SRN/CNTRL PLAINS. AT THE SFC...A RDG EXTENDED FROM QUEBEC THROUGH UPPER MI TO THE CNTRL PLAINS. AN UPSTREAM ARCTIC COLD FRONT EXTENDED FROM NW ONTARIO TO SRN SASK. LEFTOVER FLURRIES OVER CNTRL AND E UPPER MI WERE QUICKLY DIMINISHING AND MOVING OFFSHORE AS WINDS BACK SWRLY. WITH VERY DRY 900-700 LAYER...PER 19Z TAMDAR SNDGS...NO LIGHT SNOW OR FLURRIES WERE OBSERVED OVER NRN WI DESPITE 10DBZ-20DBZ RADAR RETURNS OVER THE AREA. SHORTWAVE OVR SOUTHWEST WILL BE OF INTEREST LATE SUN INTO MON.

&&

.SHORT TERM (TONIGHT AND SUNDAY) MAIN FCST CONCERNS ARE LES TRENDS.

TONIGHT...EXPECT ENHANCED LOW LVL CONV AND QUICKLY VEERING WINDS AS THE FRONT MOVES THROUGH LK SUPERIOR AND UPPER MI BTWN 06Z-12Z. MOISTURE WITH THIS NRN STREAM SYSTEM IS VERY LIMITED WITH BEST QVECTOR CONV WELL TO THE NORTH...AND MOISTURE INFLOW FROM SW STREAM SHOULD REMAIN MAINLY S OF LK SUPERIOR. SO CONDITIONS WILL BE MARGINAL FOR MORE THEN LIGHT LES. HOWEVER...EXPECCT COVERAGE TO INCREASE LATE TONIGHT WITH THE FRONT MOVING INTO THE KEWEENAW AFT MIDNIGHT AND TOWARD THE NE CWA...MAINLY E OF KP53 AFT 12Z. INVERSION HEIGHTS ARE FCST TO REMAIN IN THE 3K-4K FT RANGE (TEMP NEAR -15C AT THE TOP OF THE INVERSION) WITH ONLY LIMITED CONVECTION DEPTH AND CHANGING WIND DIRECTION...SO ONLY AN INCH OR TWO IS EXPECTED. MID LEVEL CLOUDS THIS EVENING AND LAKE CLOUDS LATER TONIGHT WILL KEEP TEMPS FROM DROPPING OFF QUITE AS MUCH AS PREVIOUS FCST FOR INLAND LOCATIONS.

SUN...AS WINDS VEER MORE NRLY WITH RIDGING INTO NRN ONTARIO BEHIND THE FRONT...LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS WILL SPREAD INTO THE REST OF NORTHERN UPPER MI. AGAIN...WITH ACYC SYNOPTIC FLOW AND 3K FT INVERSION...ONLY LIGHT ACCUMULATIONS EXPECTED...GENERALLY AN INCH OR LESS.

&&

.LONG TERM (SUN NIGHT THROUGH NEXT SAT)...

MAIN CONCERN IN THIS PERIOD IS SNOW AMOUNTS SUN NIGHT THROUGH MON NIGHT.

SHORTWAVE TROUGH FOR SUN NIGHT INTO MON NOW LOOKS LIKE IT WILL LIFT A BIT FARTHER NORTH THAN EARLIER THOUGHT. PRIMARY SFC LOW STILL REMAINS WELL TO THE SOUTH OF UPR MI...TRACKING ACROSS THE NORTHERN OHIO VALLEY. APPEARS THERE WILL BE TWO AREAS OF PCPN. ONE AREA WILL BE ALONG SFC FRONT OVER OHIO VALLEY...WHILE ANOTHER PCPN AREA OF MOSTLY FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW WILL SPREAD ENE ALONG THE MID LEVEL CIRCULATION. ALL GUIDANCE EXCEPT GFS INDICATES AT LEAST SOUTHERN TIER OF CWA WILL BE IMPACTED BY NORTHERN FRINGE OF SNOW FM WI INTO NORTHERN LWR MI. GFS SHARPLY DIFFERENT WITH MORE SHEARED OUT UPR LEVEL WAVE AND NOT AS FAR NORTH OF A PUSH WITH PCPN. FOR NOW...TRIED TO USE A BLEND OF GFS/NAM IDEAS FOR FORECAST. THIS BLENDED IDEA RESULTS IN INCREASE IN POPS IN FAR SCNTRL CWA LATE SUN NIGHT INTO MON WITH SYNOPTIC SNOW. COULD SEE A COUPLE INCHES FM MENOMINEE TO ESCANABA.

CLOSER TO LK SUPERIOR WILL ALREADY HAVE SUFFICIENT INSTABILITY FOR LK EFFECT SNOW IN MOSTLY NNW FLOW BY SUN EVENING. LIKELY POPS LOOK FINE. EXPECT TO SEE SOME INCREASE IN LK EFFECT LATER SUN NIGHT INTO MON AS INVERSION RISES TO AROUND 5KFT AS H85 TEMPS FALL TO -18C OR SO AND PARTIAL DEEP MOISTURE ADVECTS IN FM SOUTH. LOCAL LK EFFECT GUIDANCE SUGGESTS AMOUNTS MEETING ADVY CRITERIA WOULD BE LIKELY SUN NIGHT INTO MON OVER FAR WEST AND NCNTRL CWA WHERE LWR LEVEL WIND DIRECTION OF 350-020 IS FAVORABLE. ONE STUMBLING BLOCK THOUGH...AND A BIG ONE AT THAT...IS THAT IF A SOLN MORE IN LINE WITH NAM IS REALIZED POTENTIAL EXISTS FOR MUCH MORE FAVORABLE SETUP FOR HEAVY LK EFFECT SNOW. KEY IS NAM SHOWING MUCH MORE DEEPER MOISTURE AND AN INVERSION HEIGHT TOWARD H7...WITH THE SAME H85 TEMPS AS GFS AND FOR MOST PART SAME WIND DIRECTION. NAM ALSO INDICATES MUCH MORE CYCLONIC/CONVERGENT LOWER LEVEL FLOW. BASICALLY...IF NAM SOLN VERIFIES ADVY LOOKS FAIRLY CERTAIN AND SOME LOCALIZED WARNING AMOUNTS WOULD BE POSSIBLE.

KIND OF STUCK AT THIS POINT. HARD TO TELL WHICH SOLUTION OR SOLUTION MORE SIMILAR TO IT...WILL VERIFY. USUALLY...TRY TO GO WITH MAJORITY IDEA...BUT WITH GFS SO DIFFERENT AND SOME SUPPORT TO ITS SOLUTION FM ENSEMBLES...TRIED TO GO WITH COMPROMISE SOLUTION FOR SNOW COVERAGE AND AMOUNTS. SINCE CONFIDENCE IS LOW...WILL NOT ISSUE ANY HEADLINES RIGHT NOW EITHER. WILL MENTION THE EVENT IN THE HWO.

LOWER LEVEL FLOW BACKS TO NW ON TUE SO KEPT LK EFFECT OVER NW UPR MI AND FOR AREAS EAST OF MARQUETTE. INVERSION GRADUALLY LOWERS BY TUE NIGHT...SO LK EFFECT INTENSITY SHOULD BE DIMINISHING.

UPR FLOW BRIEFLY BECOMES ZONAL WED WITH LOW PRES PASSING ACROSS NORTHERN MANITOBA AND ONTARIO. WINDS BECOME SW IN LOWER LEVELS WHICH WILL KEEP SNOW SHOWERS ONLY OVER FAR NORTHERN KEWEENAW PENINSULA. SFC TROUGH THEN FOLLOWS INTO UPR LAKES ON THU. UPR TROUGH LIFTING FM PLAINS MAY COMBINE WITH THE SFC BOUNDARY TO BRING A LITTLE LIGHT SNOW THU. MARGINAL DEEPER MOISTURE SO NOTHING MORE THAN LOW CHANCE POPS ATTM. COLDER AIR SPILLS IN FOR FRI SO INCREASED LK EFFECT NEAR LK SUPERIOR IN NW/N FLOW AREAS. LOOSE AGREEMENT ON CLIPPER TYPE SYSTEM FOR SOMETIME NEXT WEEKEND. 00Z/06Z GFS BY FAR THE MOST AGGRESSIVE BUT ECMWF/UKMET/CANADIAN WERE MORE IN LINE WITH PREFERRED LATEST HPC GUIDANCE.

COORD WITH GRB AND DLH...THANKS.

&&

.MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE. &&

$$

SHORT TERM...JLB LONG TERM...JLA


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
AFDMKX 817 PM CST SUN JAN 14 2007

.DISCUSSION...FOCUS ON WINTER STORM HITTING AREA TONIGHT.

NEW 00Z UPPER AIR DATA INDICATING A SYSTEM SLIGHTLY DEEPER THAN PREVIOUS RUNS HAD FOR THIS TIME. HOWEVER...TEMP AND MOISTURE PLACEMENT WITHIN VERY TIGHT BAROCLINIC ZONE FCST SURPRISINGLY ACCURATELY BY THE EARLIER 18Z RUNS...COMPARED TO NEW UA DATA. WE HAVE HAD A SOMEWHAT UNEXPECTED PUSH OF FREEZING RAIN INTO SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN THIS EVENING. ACARS AIRCRAFT SOUNDINGS DO SHOW A WARM LAYER BETWEEN H8 AND H7...BUT JUST BARELY ABOVE 0C. IT APPEARS THIS MOISTURE PUSH IS PRIMARILY IN THE LOW LEVELS WITH A THE FAVORED ICE CRYSTAL GROWTH REGION STILL RATHER DRY. THAT I BELIEVE IS KEY TO THE LIQUID VS FROZEN NATURE OF THIS EARLY ONSET PRECIP. THIS IS CHANGING RAPIDLY AS MORE COLUMN MOISTURE ARRIVES FROM THE SOUTHWEST. THINGS ARE AND WILL CONTINUE TO CHANGE OVER QUICKLY TO ALL SNOW FROM WEST TO EAST.

NEW NAM AND NGM ARE COMING IN AND SHOW A LITTLE LESS IN THE WAY OF TOTAL QPF. STILL LOOKS LIKE A 3 TO 5 INCH SNOW ACCUMULATION BUT GIVEN THE MIXED NATURE OF IT ANTICIPATED LATER ON AND THE INCREASING WINDS FROM THE NORTH...THE WARNING IS STILL JUSTIFIED. IT IS POSSIBLE THIS MAY END UP BEING JUST A GOOD WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY EVENT...BUT AT THIS POINT...ENOUGH UNCERTAINTY TO KEEP THINGS AS IS.

&&

.MKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WINTER STORM WARNING UNTIL 6 PM CST MONDAY FOR WIZ046-WIZ047- WIZ051-WIZ052-WIZ056-WIZ057-WIZ058-WIZ059-WIZ060-WIZ062-WIZ063- WIZ064-WIZ065-WIZ066-WIZ067-WIZ068-WIZ069-WIZ070-WIZ071-WIZ072.

&&

$$ DAVIS


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS NORTHERN INDIANA
AFDIWX 1245 AM EST MON JAN 15 2007

.AVIATION...

WIDESPREAD RAIN AND FREEZING RAIN ACROSS THE AREA TONIGHT. KFWA HOVERING JUST ABOVE FREEZING AND KSBN RIGHT AT FREEZING. PREDOMINATE FREEZING RAIN EXPECTED AT KSBN REST OF NIGHT WHILE FORT WAYNE LIKELY TO BE MAINLY RAIN BUT FREEZING AT TIMES WITH TEMPERATURE WAVERING BETWEEN 32 AND 33. LARGE RAIN SHIELD EXTENDS BACK INTO IL SO EXPECT THIS TO CONTINUE NEXT SEVERAL HOURS. DRY SLOT WORKS IN AFTER DAYBREAK BUT ENOUGH LOW LEVEL RESIDUAL MOISTURE TO SUPPORT FREEZING DRIZZLE OR FLURRIES WITH VIS RESTRICTIONS DUE TO BR. LAKE EFFECT SNOW BAND EXPECTED TO SET UP LATE THIS AFTERNOON INTO EARLY EVENING. HAVE ONLY TAKEN SBN VIS DOWN TO 3SM -SN FOR NOW GIVEN UNCERTAINTY OF WHERE BAND WILL BE. VERY LIKELY MUCH LOWER RESTRICTIONS AND POSSIBLE HEAVY SNOW WILL BE NEEDED FROM BETWEEN 03Z AND 12Z TUE. MORE REFINEMENT IN LATER ISSUANCES.

&&

.UPDATE... GETTING 1/8" GLAZING REPORTS ON TREES JUST NORTH OF SOUTH BEND LATE THIS EVE. BASED ON SFC OBS EXPECT SIMILAR CONDITIONS THROUGHOUT THE ADVISORY AREA WITH THE PSBL EXCEPTION OF URBAN AREAS OF SOUTH BEND/ELKHART DECIDED TO UPGRADE FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY TO AN ICE STORM WARNING. ALSO GETTING SCT REPORTS OF ICING FARTHER SOUTH AND WITH DFI TEMP AT 32 LAST SEVERAL HOURS AND FWA TEMP/DWPT FALLING SLOWLY, WILL ISSUE FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY AREA SOUTH OF ICE STORM WARNING A COUPLE TIERS OF COUNTIES. EXPECT ICING IN THIS AREA WILL MAINLY BE ON ELEVATED SURFACES, BUT STILL COULD BE SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE SOME PROBLEMS.

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION...

PREVIOUS UPDATE...

EVE RAOB/TAMDAR SOUNDINGS SHOWING WARM LAYER OF GENERALLY +2 TO +6C OVER OUR AREA RESULTING IN INITIAL PRECIP REACHING THE GROUND AS RN/ZR. SFC OBS AND CALLS TO POLICE IN THE AREA INDICATE SO FAR ONLY PATCHY REPORTS OF GLAZING IN NRN INDIANA AND NW OH EVEN THOUGH SOME ASOS/AWOS SITES REPORTING TEMPS AT FREEZING. THIS PRBLY A RESULT OF TEMPERATURE OF HEAVY RAINFALL GENERALLY REACHING THE GROUND ABOVE FREEZING. IN MICHIGAN WHERE SFC TEMPS HAVE BEEN RUNNING A DEGREE OR TWO BELOW FREEZING ALL DAY AND THIS EVE, MORE WIDESPREAD GLAZING IS BEING REPORTED. WITH WAA OVERNIGHT AS SFC LOW MOVES NE FROM SRN MO TO WEST CENTRAL OH, THE RN/SN LINE, WHICH IS EXPECTED TO SETUP FROM JUST NORTH OF CHICAGO TO JUST NORTH OF DETROIT THIS EVE, WILL PRBLY SHIFT SLIGHTLY NORTH. THUS, AS IN GOING FCST STILL EXPECTING A MAINLY LIQUID EVENT WITH MAIN THREAT FOR ICE ACCUMULATIONS ACROSS OUR NRN COUNTIES. MAIN QUESTIONS ARE HOW MUCH OF THE HEAVY RAIN WILL ACCUMULATE AS ICE IN THE ADVISORY AREAS AND IF SFC TEMPS WILL FALL SUFFICIENTLY SOUTH OF THE ADVISORY AREA TO WARRANT EXPANSION. FOR NOW FEEL THINGS ARE ON TRACK AND WILL CONTINUE TO MONITOR BUT NO CHANGES TO HEADLINES OR FCSTS PLANNED THIS EVE.

SHORT TERM... TONIGHT AND MONDAY.

...SIGNIFICANT ICING EXPECTED ACROSS SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN TONIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING...

...SOME ICING EXPECTED ACROSS NORTHERN INDIANA AND NORTHWEST OHIO TONIGHT AND MONDAY...

12Z NAM-WRF AND 12Z GFS CONTINUE TO TREND NEXT WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE FARTHER NORTHWEST. THE NAM-WRF IS THE FARTHEST NORTHWEST OF THE TWO...PLACING THE WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE OVER NW OHIO BY 12Z MONDAY. BASED ON THE TREND OF BRINGING THE LOW FARTHER NORTHWEST...FEEL MORE INCLINED TO SIDE WITH THE NAM-WRF AND THUS WILL USE ITS SOLUTION AS A BACKBONE TO THE SHORT TERM FORECAST. ITS WARMER THERMAL PROFILE WILL RESULT IN MOSTLY FREEZING RAIN TONIGHT ACRS THE NRN CWFA.

AT 20Z...LOW PRESSURE WAS DEVELOPING ALONG A STATIONARY FRONT OVER NW ARKANSAS. AS A STRONG S/WV AND JET PIVOT NORTHEAST INTO THE CNTRL PLAINS TONIGHT AND THEN INTO THE WRN GREAT LAKES ON MONDAY...THE LOW WILL MOVE NORTHEAST AND DEEPEN WITH TIME...BEING LOCATED NEAR SW INDIANA AT 06Z MONDAY AND NEAR NW OHIO BY 12Z MONDAY. THE LOW WILL BE ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG...MOIST LOW LVL WARM ADVECTION. THIS STRONG ASCENT WILL TEAM UP WITH UPR LVL DIVERGENCE FROM A STRONG JET ALOFT. THIS WILL RESULT IN WIDESPREAD PCPN ACRS THE CWFA OVERNIGHT. IN FACT...LATEST MOSAIC RADAR WAS SHOWING A LARGE AREA OF PCPN BLOSSOMING ACRS THE CNTRL AND SRN PLAINS. THIS PCPN WILL CONTINUE TO EXPAND AND MOVE NE INTO THE REGION TONIGHT. THERE IS A LOT TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT OVERNIGHT INTO THE FIRST PART OF MONDAY AS COLD AIR REMAINS TRAPPED NEAR THE SFC ACRS THE FAR NRN CWFA. LATEST OBSERVATIONS SHOW TEMPS HOVERING BETWEEN 30 AND 33 DEGREES ACRS FAR NRN INDIANA...SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN AND FAR NORTHWEST OHIO. THESE TEMPS WILL NOT BUDGE MUCH OVERNIGHT...AND MAY SLIGHTLY DROP A DEGREE OR TWO. FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE REGION...TEMPS WILL REMAIN STEADY STATE IN THE LOWER TO MID 30S...EXPECT FOR THE FAR SOUTHEAST WHERE WARMER AIR WILL BE PULLED WESTWARD AS THE LOW APPROACHES. WITH ABOUT THREE QUARTERS TO AROUND ONE INCH OF QPF EXPECTED OVERNIGHT...SIGNIFICANT ICING WILL OCCUR ACRS THE MICHIGAN COUNTIES WHERE ABOUT A HALF INCH OF ICE ACCUMULATION IS EXPECTED. FOR THE FAR NRN INDIANA AND NORTHWEST OHIO COUNTIES...ICE ACCUMULATIONS WILL BE LESS THAN A QUARTER INCH. FARTHER SOUTH...MAINLY RAIN IS EXPECTED. AN ICE STORM WARNING WILL BE ISSUED FOR THE MICHIGAN COUNTIES UNTIL 17Z MONDAY...WHILE A FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY WILL BE ISSUED FOR THE FAR NRN INDIANA/NW OHIO COUNTIES THROUGH 17Z MONDAY. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL ACRS THE FAR SOUTH/SOUTHEAST WILL LIKELY LEAD TO RIVER FLOODING ALONG THE UPPER WABASH AND MAUMEE RIVER BASINS..SO WILL MAINTAIN FLOOD WATCH FOR THIS LOCATION THROUGH 18Z MONDAY.

ON MONDAY...AS SFC LOW PRESSURE PULLS AWAY TO THE NE...COLDER AIR WILL BEGIN TO FILTER SE INTO THE FCST AREA. THERE WILL LIKELY BE FREEZING PCPN ACRS THE NW HALF OF THE CWFA...BUT THIS SHOULD BE ON THE LIGHT SIDE. FOR THE SOUTHEAST...LIGHT RAIN IS EXPECTED. MODELS CONTINUE TO SHOW A DRY SLOT WORKING INTO THE REGION BY MID MORNING. THIS MAY CHC PCPN TO DRIZZLE OR FREEZING DRIZZLE. HAVE OPTED TO GO WITH THE LIGHT FREEZING RAIN/LIGHT RAIN WORDING DUE TO LINGER PCPN EARLY IN THE MORNING IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE LOW AND FOR THE FACT THAT SOME OF THE DRIZZLE MAY MEASURE. AS COLDER AIR AND DEEPER ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FILTER INTO THE REGION DURING THE AFTERNOON...ANY DRIZZLE WILL CHANGEOVER TO SOME LIGHT SNOW. MAIN LAKE EFFECT EVENT LOOKS TO HOLD OFF UNTIL MONDAY NIGHT AND WILL LEAVE THOSE DETAILS TO THE LONG TERM FORECASTER.

LONG TERM... MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY

...SIGNIFICANT LAKE EFFECT SNOW POSSIBLE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY...

MAIN CONCERN FOR THE LONG TERM TODAY REVOLVES AROUND LAKE EFFECT POTENTIAL AT THE START OF THE PERIOD. MODERATE LOW/MID LEVEL CAA FOLLOWING MAJOR FRONTAL WAVE ON MON WILL BRING MUCH COLDER AIR ACROSS THE LAKE WITH AMPLE LAKE INSTABILITY DEVELOPING. NEAR RECORD WARM LAKE TEMPERATURE OF AROUND 5C PER LATEST SATELLITE DERIVED DATA WILL CONTRIBUTE TO MODERATE COLLIER INDEX WITH LAKE INDUCED CAPE AROUND 500J/KG AND LAKE INDUCED EQUILIBRIUM LEVELS AROUND 10K FEET. INSTABILITY IS CERTAINLY MORE THAN AMPLE...HOWEVER MUCH UNCERTAINTY LIES WITH BAND MODE...PLACEMENT...AND AMOUNT OF SHEAR. FROM A PATTERN RECOGNITION PROSPECTIVE...SETUP LOOKS VERY FAVORABLE WITH A 1040+MB HIGH BUILDING SOUTH THROUGH THE PLAINS AND FAVORABLE N/NNW FLOW DEVELOPING DOWN A SUBSTANTIAL FETCH OF LAKE MICHIGAN. A POTENTIAL NEGATIVE...BOTH NAM/GFS SUGGEST THERE WILL BE SOME SHEAR NEAR THE TOP OF THE LAKE INDUCED MIXED LAYER WITH A MORE WESTERLY COMPONENT AT 700MB AND MORE NW/NNW AT 850MB. NAM-WRF PLUME ANALYSIS CONTINUES TO SUGGEST THE POTENTIAL FOR A TYPE I LAKE EFFECT BAND...MEANING A DOMINANT BAND PARALLEL TO THE MAJOR AXIS OF THE LAKE.

NAM-WRF HAS BEEN FLIP-FLOPPING WILDLY FROM RUN TO RUN WITH RESPECT TO DIRECTION OF LOW LEVEL FLOW...WITH 00Z AND 06Z RUNS SUGGESTING A NEAR DUE NORTH FETCH...WHILE 12Z RUN SUGGESTS MORE NW FETCH. A LOOK AT SOME OTHER MESOSCALE GUIDANCE SUCH AS THE FSL EXPERIMENTAL RUC AND THE CANADIAN GEM SHOW MORE UNCERTAINTY...WITH BOTH THOSE MODELS DEPICTING MORE NORTHERLY FLOW AND A MORE WESTWARD BAND PLACEMENT. TYPICAL BIAS OF MESOSCALE MODELS ARE TO BE TOO FAR WEST WITH A DOMINANT BAND AT THE SOUTHERN END OF LAKE MICHIGAN. WITH THE VERY POOR MODEL AGREEMENT AND CONSISTENCY...JUST NOT ENOUGH CONFIDENCE ON BAND PLACEMENT OR MODE TO GO WITH AN LES WATCH YET. STILL ENOUGH TIME FOR A SHORTER RANGE WATCH FROM THE MIDNIGHT SHIFT IF MODEL GUIDANCE STARTS TO CONVERGE ON A COMMON SOLUTION. THIS DOES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE A MAJOR EVENT GIVEN STRONG THERMODYNAMICS...BUT ONLY IF A DOMINANT BAND FORMS...AND THAT IS STILL QUITE UNCERTAIN.

CP SURFACE HIGH BUILDS ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY LATER TUE NGT INTO WED WITH CRASHING INVERSION HEIGHTS AND BACKING LOW LEVEL FLOW CUTTING OFF ANY REMAINING LAKE EFFECT. SHOULD SEE A DRY PERIOD FOR WED AND THU WITH A MODERATING TREND AS HEIGHTS RISE IN RESPONSE TO DIGGING UPSTREAM TROUGH. VERY LITTLE CHANGE MADE TO CONTINUITY IN THE LATER PERIODS WITH PRIMARY CONCERNS IN SHORT TERM HIGH IMPACT WEATHER. STILL APPEARS THAT ONE OR SEVERAL CLIPPER TYPE SHORTWAVES WILL CROSS THE GREAT LAKES STARTING AT THE END OF THE WEEK AND HAVE CONTINUED WITH LOW CHANCE POPS...MAINLY ACROSS THE NORTHERN PORTION OF THE CWA. TEMPS WILL AVERAGE AROUND NORMAL FOR MUCH OF THE LONG TERM... BUT THIS WILL FEEL COLD AFTER THE INCREDIBLE STRETCH OF WARM WEATHER THE PAST MONTH.

&& .IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR INZ020-INZ022-INZ023- INZ024-INZ025-INZ026-INZ027-INZ032-INZ033-INZ034.

FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY UNTIL 12 PM EST /11 AM CST/ MONDAY FOR INZ008-INZ009-INZ012-INZ013-INZ014-INZ015-INZ016-INZ017- INZ018.

ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST /11 AM CST/ MONDAY FOR INZ003- INZ004-INZ005-INZ006-INZ007.

MI...ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST MONDAY FOR MIZ077-MIZ078- MIZ079-MIZ080-MIZ081.

OH...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR OHZ016-OHZ024-OHZ025.

FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY UNTIL 12 PM EST MONDAY FOR OHZ004-OHZ005- OHZ015.

ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST MONDAY FOR OHZ001-OHZ002.

LM...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY UNTIL 5 PM EST TUESDAY FOR LMZ043-LMZ046.

$$

AVIATION/UPDATE...LASHLEY/TAYLOR SHORT TERM...HICKMAN LONG TERM....HITCHCOCK


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED
NWS JACKSON KY
AFDJKL 403 AM EST MON JAN 15 2007

.SHORT TERM.../TODAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/

PRIMARY FORECAST PROBLEM IS TIMING OF PRECIP ONSET AND EASTWARD PROGRESSION OF COLD FRONT LATER TODAY. BASED ON TRENDS OF PAST 24 HOURS AND LATEST MODEL RUNS...DECIDED TO DELAY ONSET OF PRECIP BY A FEW HOURS...WITH MAIN AREA OF RAIN SHOWERS NOT MOVING INTO JKL/LOZ UNTIL 15Z OR SO. INCORPORATED THIS NEW SLOWER TREND INTO FORECAST THROUGH 9Z TUESDAY TO ACCOUNT FOR EXPECTED SLOWER MOVEMENT OF FRONT. WENT ABOVE HIGHEST MOS NUMBERS FOR TODAYS HIGHEST PRECIP CHANCES...ESPECIALLY ALONG AND JUST BEHIND THE FRONT AS IT TRAVERSES THE CWA LATER TODAY.

WITH COLDER AIR FILTERING LATER TONIGHT BEHIND FRONT...STILL ANTICIPATE A FEW SNOW SHOWERS COULD MIX WITH RAIN LATER THIS EVENING...WITH A TRANSITION TO ALL SNOW AFTER MIDNIGHT. HOWEVER...INSPITE OF GOOD LOW LEVEL MOISTURE...A GOOD DEAL OF DRY AIR IS FORECAST TO INFILTRATE THE MID LEVELS OF THE ATMOSPHERE BEHIND FRONT. WITH THIS IN MIND...NOT ANTICIPATING WIDESPREAD SNOW OR MUCH IN THE WAY OF ACCUMULATION. THE EXCEPTION BEING THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS ALONG THE VIRGINIA BORDER...WHERE A DUSTING UP TO AN INCH OF SNOW COULD FALL. IT APPEARS AT THIS TIME THAT SCATTERED LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS AND FLURRIES WILL BE THE PRIMARY TYPE OF PRECIP TO FALL AS SHORTWAVE MOVES QUICKLY ACROSS THE CWA LATER TONIGHT.

MADE CORRESPONDING CHANGES TO SKY COVER GRIDS...TO ACCOUNT FOR SLOWER EASTWARD MOVEMENT OF FRONT. ALSO ADJUSTED QPF AND WEATHER GRIDS BASED ON CHANGES MADE TO POPS AND SKY COVER. WINDS WERE IN PRETTY GOOD SHAPE...BUT NEEDED TO BE CHANGED TO MATCH UP WITH SLOWER FRONTAL MOVEMENT. WITH LESS CLOUD COVER AND A MORE PROLONGED PERIOD OF SOUTHERLY FLOW ANTICIPATED THROUGH THE MORNING HOURS...COUPLED WITH A SLOWER EASTWARD MOVEMENT OF THE FRONT...DECIDED TO GO ABOVE THE WARMEST MOS NUMBERS FOR TODAYS HIGH TEMPERATURES. DEWPOINTS WERE IN PRETTY GOOD SHAPE OVERALL. DID HAVE TO TWEAK DEWPOINT NUMBERS FOR THURSDAY...AS PREVIOUS DEW TEMPS WERE A BIT TO HIGH. ADJUSTED DOWN TOWARD LATEST MEXMOS DEWPOINTS...WITH A SLOW INCREASE IN DEWPOINTS IN SOUTHWESTERN COUNTIES...AS ANOTHER AREA OF LOW PRESSURE APPROACHES FROM THE WEST LATE WEDNESDAY INTO THURSDAY.

THE REST OF THE PREVIOUS DISCUSSION FOLLOWS:

THE MODELS ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT ALOFT THROUGH 48 HOURS AS THEY TAKE THE BULK OF THE LARGE SOUTHWEST TROUGH...PICKED UP BY THE NORTHERN STREAM...AND RAM IT INTO THE NORTHERN FRINGE OF THE ANOMALOUS SOUTHEASTERN RIDGE BY TUESDAY MORNING. THIS COLLISION TAKES PLACE OVER THE OHIO VALLEY AND WILL BE THE KEY FACTOR FINALLY SHOVING THE STALLED SFC FRONTAL BOUNDARY THROUGH KENTUCKY AND OFF TO THE SOUTHEAST. AFTER 48 HOURS THE MODELS DIVERGE SOMEWHAT AS THE GFS HOLDS BACK A BIGGER CHUNK OF THE SOUTHWEST LOW THAN THE NAM...THOUGH THE PROGS ARE SIMILAR OVER THE EASTERN HALF OF THE NATION. IN THE WAKE OF THE NORTHEAST TROUGH SWEEPING THROUGH...HEIGHTS WILL RISE OVER THE OHIO VALLEY THROUGH MID WEEK. HOWEVER...THE DIFFERENCE IN THE MODEL SOLUTIONS IN THE WEST WILL LEAD TO MORE UNCERTAINTY FOR THE EXTENDED PART OF THE FORECAST.

SENSIBLE WEATHER WILL FEATURE A RENEWED SURGE OF MOISTURE AND LIFT ALONG THE FRONT TONIGHT AS THE MAIN WAVE APPROACHES. STILL THINK THAT THERE WILL BE A TIGHT GRADIENT TO THE RAIN CHANCES FROM NORTHWEST TO SOUTHEAST ACROSS THE CWA...THOUGH...AND HAVE TRIED TO SHOW THIS IN THE GRIDS AND TEXT PRODUCTS. IN GENERAL...HAVE FOLLOWED A BLEND OF THE SIMILAR MODEL SOLUTIONS. ACCORDINGLY...EXPECT THE DEEPENING SFC LOW TO LIFT THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE STALLED FRONT NORTHWARD THIS EVENING AS THE LOW APPROACHES...KEEPING THE SOUTHEAST TWO THIRDS OF THE CWA FROM SEEING MUCH IN THE WAY OF RAINFALL UNTIL THE COLD FRONT COMES THROUGH MONDAY MORNING. THIS FRONT WILL CONTAIN HEAVY TO EXCESSIVE RAINS ENHANCED BY STRONG SFC CONVERGENCE. EXPECT A SOLID INCH OF RAIN FOR MOST OF THE AREA AS IT MOVES THROUGH DURING THE DAY MONDAY. NORTH OF THE MOUNTAIN PARKWAY...IN THE WATCH AREA...THEY ARE A LITTLE MORE PRIMED FOR FLASH FLOODING DUE TO THE RAIN THAT THEY SAW LAST NIGHT. ACCORDINGLY...THE WATCH FOR THIS AREA REMAINS A GOOD IDEA...THOUGH THE THREAT FOR SIGNIFICANT RIVER RISES AND POTENTIAL FOR LARGER TRIBUTARY FLOODING APPEARS TO BE MUCH DIMINISHED. HAVE ADJUSTED THE WORDING IN THE FFA TO REFLECT THESE LATEST THOUGHTS. WITH THE FRONT NOT DUE IN HERE UNTIL AFTER 12Z...HAVE KEEP TEMPS UP QUITE MILD TONIGHT AND THEN USED THESE AS A STARTING POINT FOR HIGHS ON MONDAY WITH FALLING TEMPS EXPECTED DURING THE AFTERNOON.

THE COLDER...MODIFIED ARCTIC AIR MOVES INTO THE AREA MONDAY NIGHT... CHANGING THE LINGERING PCPN FROM RAIN SHOWERS TO SNOW SHOWERS. ON TUESDAY...UPSLOPE FLOW AND THE UPPER LEVEL DYNAMICS OF THE TROUGH PASSING WILL KEEP THE CHANCE FOR MAINLY SNOW SHOWERS IN THE FORECAST THROUGH THE DAY AND INTO TUESDAY NIGHT. DO NOT SEE ENOUGH QPF AVAILABLE FOR ANY ACCUMULATION FROM THESE SHOWERS...THOUGH. HOWEVER...THE COLDER AIR AND BRISK NORTHWEST WINDS WILL HELP TO PUNCTUATE THIS SHARP RETURN TO MORE SEASONABLE WEATHER.

.LONG TERM.../WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/

THE MODELS HAVE A FAIR AMOUNT OF DISAGREEMENT ALOFT THROUGH THE EXTENDED PORTION OF THE FORECAST WITH THE OUTLIER GFS MAINTAINING A STRONGER SOUTHEAST RIDGE THAN THE OTHER MODELS. ACCORDINGLY...HAVE BLENDED TOWARD THE LESS AMPLIFIED...NORTHERN STREAM DOMINATED... SOLUTION OF THE ECMWF FOR THE FORECAST. THE HPC PRESSURE AND SFC FRONTAL PROGS WERE FOLLOWED CLOSELY FOR THIS FORECAST. LIKEWISE... THEIR TEMPERATURES GUIDANCE WAS ACCEPTED WITH MINOR ADJUSTMENTS MADE FOR LOCAL TERRAIN EFFECTS. AS FOR SENSIBLE WEATHER...MUCH MORE SEASONABLE WEATHER WILL BE UPON US AS MODERATED ARCTIC HIGH PRESSURE PUSHES THROUGH THE MIDWEST AND INTO THE OHIO VALLEY. MEANWHILE...THE BOUNDARY THAT BROUGHT RAIN AND SHOW SHOWERS TO THE FIRST PART OF THE FORECAST WILL STALL WELL TO THE SOUTHEAST. HOWEVER...A NORTHERN STREAM WAVE WILL LURE MORE MOISTURE NORTH AHEAD OF ITS SFC TROUGH...STARTING THURSDAY. THIS RETURN FLOW MOISTURE WILL MAKE THE FORECAST FOR THE END OF THE WEEK TRICKY...PARTICULARLY IN THE FACE OF MODEL DISAGREEMENT ALOFT OVER OUR REGION. FOR NOW HAVE GONE WITH A SMALL CHANCE FOR RAIN OR SNOW STARTING LATE THURSDAY NIGHT AND CONTINUING THROUGH THE WEEKEND AS DEEP LOW PRESSURE PASSES BY TO THE NORTH LATE FRIDAY. ANOTHER SYSTEM AND ITS COLD FRONT WILL QUICKLY APPROACH THE AREA LATER SATURDAY SWINGING THROUGH ON SUNDAY. WITHOUT THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STREAM PHASING OVERALL PCPN AMOUNTS LOOK TO BE LIGHT THROUGH THE LATTER PART OF THE FORECAST.

&&

.AVIATION.../06Z TO 06Z/...UPDATED

SURFACE LOW IS MOVING NORTH UP THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ALONG A SURFACE BOUNDARY DRAPED ACROSS SOUTHERN ILLINOIS...INDIANA AND OHIO. THE TRACK OF THE SURFACE LOW WILL KEEP EAST KENTUCKY IN THE WARM SECTOR WITH VFR CONDITIONS EXPECTED THROUGH AROUND 14Z. MODELS CONTINUE TO INDICATE A STRENGTHENING LOW LEVEL JET TOWARDS DAWN...ALTHOUGH THEIR PROJECTIONS MAYBE SLIGHTLY OVERDONE COMPARING THE PROGS WITH OBSERVED ACARS SOUNDINGS OVER SDF. NEVERTHELESS...EXPECT MARGINAL LLWS TO BE OBSERVED BY 10Z WITH SPEEDS OF 40 KT AS LOW AS 1500 FT AGL.

AS THE SURFACE LOW TRACKS OFF TO OUR NORTHEAST...THE LONG AWAITING COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE WILL FINALLY TAKE PLACE BRINGING A PERIOD OF SHRA/+SHRA WITH AT LEAST MVFR CIGS AND VSBYS. WOULD EXPECT SOME BRIEF IFR CONDITIONS AS WELL BUT NOT LONG ENOUGH TO INCLUDE IN TAFS AT THIS TIME. SOUTHWESTERLY WINDS WILL ALSO INCREASE AS THE FRONT NEARS WITH GUSTS OVER 20 KT EXPECTED. THE WINDS WILL VEER AROUND BECOMING WESTERLY AFTER THE FROPA WITH SHRA GRADUALLY DECREASING IN COVERAGE. PLENTIFUL LOW LEVEL MOISTURE BEHIND THE FRONT SHOULD KEEP MVFR CIGS AROUND THROUGH THE END OF THE TAF PERIOD.

&&

.JKL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FLOOD WATCH THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR KYZ044-050>052-058>060- 104-106-108.

&&

$$

SHORT TERM...AR LONG TERM...GREIF AVIATION...ABE


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS JACKSON KY
AFDJKL 358 AM EST MON JAN 15 2007

.SHORT TERM.../TODAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/

PRIMARY FORECAST PROBLEM IS TIMING OF PRECIP ONSET AND EASTWARD PROGRESSION OF COLD FRONT LATER TODAY. BASED ON TRENDS OF PAST 24 HOURS AND LATEST MODEL RUNS...DECIDED TO DELAY ONSET OF PRECIP BY A FEW HOURS...WITH MAIN AREA OF RAIN SHOWERS NOT MOVING INTO JKL/LOZ UNTIL 15Z OR SO. INCORPORATED THIS NEW SLOWER TREND INTO FORECAST THROUGH 9Z TUESDAY TO ACCOUNT FOR EXPECTED SLOWER MOVEMENT OF FRONT. WENT ABOVE HIGHEST MOS NUMBERS FOR TODAYS HIGHEST PRECIP CHANCES...ESPECIALLY ALONG AND JUST BEHIND THE FRONT AS IT TRAVERSES THE CWA LATER TODAY.

MADE CORRESPONDING CHANGES TO SKY COVER GRIDS...TO ACCOUNT FOR SLOWER EASTWARD MOVEMENT OF FRONT. ALSO ADJUSTED QPF AND WEATHER GRIDS BASED ON CHANGES MADE TO POPS AND SKY COVER. WINDS WERE IN PRETTY GOOD SHAPE...BUT NEEDED TO BE CHANGED TO MATCH UP WITH SLOWER FRONTAL MOVEMENT. WITH LESS CLOUD COVER AND A MORE PROLONGED PERIOD OF SOUTHERLY FLOW ANTICIPATED THROUGH THE MORNING HOURS...COUPLED WITH A SLOWER EASTWARD MOVEMENT OF THE FRONT...DECIDED TO GO ABOVE THE WARMEST MOS NUMBERS FOR TODAYS HIGH TEMPERATURES. DEWPOINTS WERE IN PRETTY GOOD SHAPE OVERALL. DID HAVE TO TWEAK DEWPOINT NUMBERS FOR THURSDAY...AS PREVIOUS DEW TEMPS WERE A BIT TO HIGH. ADJUSTED DOWN TOWARD LATEST MEXMOS DEWPOINTS...WITH A SLOW INCREASE IN DEWPOINTS IN SOUTHWESTERN COUNTIES...AS ANOTHER AREA OF LOW PRESSURE APPROACHES FROM THE WEST LATE WEDNESDAY INTO THURSDAY.

THE REST OF THE PREVIOUS DISCUSSION FOLLOWS:

THE MODELS ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT ALOFT THROUGH 48 HOURS AS THEY TAKE THE BULK OF THE LARGE SOUTHWEST TROUGH...PICKED UP BY THE NORTHERN STREAM...AND RAM IT INTO THE NORTHERN FRINGE OF THE ANOMALOUS SOUTHEASTERN RIDGE BY TUESDAY MORNING. THIS COLLISION TAKES PLACE OVER THE OHIO VALLEY AND WILL BE THE KEY FACTOR FINALLY SHOVING THE STALLED SFC FRONTAL BOUNDARY THROUGH KENTUCKY AND OFF TO THE SOUTHEAST. AFTER 48 HOURS THE MODELS DIVERGE SOMEWHAT AS THE GFS HOLDS BACK A BIGGER CHUNK OF THE SOUTHWEST LOW THAN THE NAM...THOUGH THE PROGS ARE SIMILAR OVER THE EASTERN HALF OF THE NATION. IN THE WAKE OF THE NORTHEAST TROUGH SWEEPING THROUGH...HEIGHTS WILL RISE OVER THE OHIO VALLEY THROUGH MID WEEK. HOWEVER...THE DIFFERENCE IN THE MODEL SOLUTIONS IN THE WEST WILL LEAD TO MORE UNCERTAINTY FOR THE EXTENDED PART OF THE FORECAST.

SENSIBLE WEATHER WILL FEATURE A RENEWED SURGE OF MOISTURE AND LIFT ALONG THE FRONT TONIGHT AS THE MAIN WAVE APPROACHES. STILL THINK THAT THERE WILL BE A TIGHT GRADIENT TO THE RAIN CHANCES FROM NORTHWEST TO SOUTHEAST ACROSS THE CWA...THOUGH...AND HAVE TRIED TO SHOW THIS IN THE GRIDS AND TEXT PRODUCTS. IN GENERAL...HAVE FOLLOWED A BLEND OF THE SIMILAR MODEL SOLUTIONS. ACCORDINGLY...EXPECT THE DEEPENING SFC LOW TO LIFT THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE STALLED FRONT NORTHWARD THIS EVENING AS THE LOW APPROACHES...KEEPING THE SOUTHEAST TWO THIRDS OF THE CWA FROM SEEING MUCH IN THE WAY OF RAINFALL UNTIL THE COLD FRONT COMES THROUGH MONDAY MORNING. THIS FRONT WILL CONTAIN HEAVY TO EXCESSIVE RAINS ENHANCED BY STRONG SFC CONVERGENCE. EXPECT A SOLID INCH OF RAIN FOR MOST OF THE AREA AS IT MOVES THROUGH DURING THE DAY MONDAY. NORTH OF THE MOUNTAIN PARKWAY...IN THE WATCH AREA...THEY ARE A LITTLE MORE PRIMED FOR FLASH FLOODING DUE TO THE RAIN THAT THEY SAW LAST NIGHT. ACCORDINGLY...THE WATCH FOR THIS AREA REMAINS A GOOD IDEA...THOUGH THE THREAT FOR SIGNIFICANT RIVER RISES AND POTENTIAL FOR LARGER TRIBUTARY FLOODING APPEARS TO BE MUCH DIMINISHED. HAVE ADJUSTED THE WORDING IN THE FFA TO REFLECT THESE LATEST THOUGHTS. WITH THE FRONT NOT DUE IN HERE UNTIL AFTER 12Z...HAVE KEEP TEMPS UP QUITE MILD TONIGHT AND THEN USED THESE AS A STARTING POINT FOR HIGHS ON MONDAY WITH FALLING TEMPS EXPECTED DURING THE AFTERNOON.

THE COLDER...MODIFIED ARCTIC AIR MOVES INTO THE AREA MONDAY NIGHT... CHANGING THE LINGERING PCPN FROM RAIN SHOWERS TO SNOW SHOWERS. ON TUESDAY...UPSLOPE FLOW AND THE UPPER LEVEL DYNAMICS OF THE TROUGH PASSING WILL KEEP THE CHANCE FOR MAINLY SNOW SHOWERS IN THE FORECAST THROUGH THE DAY AND INTO TUESDAY NIGHT. DO NOT SEE ENOUGH QPF AVAILABLE FOR ANY ACCUMULATION FROM THESE SHOWERS...THOUGH. HOWEVER...THE COLDER AIR AND BRISK NORTHWEST WINDS WILL HELP TO PUNCTUATE THIS SHARP RETURN TO MORE SEASONABLE WEATHER.

.LONG TERM.../WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/

THE MODELS HAVE A FAIR AMOUNT OF DISAGREEMENT ALOFT THROUGH THE EXTENDED PORTION OF THE FORECAST WITH THE OUTLIER GFS MAINTAINING A STRONGER SOUTHEAST RIDGE THAN THE OTHER MODELS. ACCORDINGLY...HAVE BLENDED TOWARD THE LESS AMPLIFIED...NORTHERN STREAM DOMINATED... SOLUTION OF THE ECMWF FOR THE FORECAST. THE HPC PRESSURE AND SFC FRONTAL PROGS WERE FOLLOWED CLOSELY FOR THIS FORECAST. LIKEWISE... THEIR TEMPERATURES GUIDANCE WAS ACCEPTED WITH MINOR ADJUSTMENTS MADE FOR LOCAL TERRAIN EFFECTS. AS FOR SENSIBLE WEATHER...MUCH MORE SEASONABLE WEATHER WILL BE UPON US AS MODERATED ARCTIC HIGH PRESSURE PUSHES THROUGH THE MIDWEST AND INTO THE OHIO VALLEY. MEANWHILE...THE BOUNDARY THAT BROUGHT RAIN AND SHOW SHOWERS TO THE FIRST PART OF THE FORECAST WILL STALL WELL TO THE SOUTHEAST. HOWEVER...A NORTHERN STREAM WAVE WILL LURE MORE MOISTURE NORTH AHEAD OF ITS SFC TROUGH...STARTING THURSDAY. THIS RETURN FLOW MOISTURE WILL MAKE THE FORECAST FOR THE END OF THE WEEK TRICKY...PARTICULARLY IN THE FACE OF MODEL DISAGREEMENT ALOFT OVER OUR REGION. FOR NOW HAVE GONE WITH A SMALL CHANCE FOR RAIN OR SNOW STARTING LATE THURSDAY NIGHT AND CONTINUING THROUGH THE WEEKEND AS DEEP LOW PRESSURE PASSES BY TO THE NORTH LATE FRIDAY. ANOTHER SYSTEM AND ITS COLD FRONT WILL QUICKLY APPROACH THE AREA LATER SATURDAY SWINGING THROUGH ON SUNDAY. WITHOUT THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STREAM PHASING OVERALL PCPN AMOUNTS LOOK TO BE LIGHT THROUGH THE LATTER PART OF THE FORECAST.

&&

.AVIATION.../06Z TO 06Z/...UPDATED

SURFACE LOW IS MOVING NORTH UP THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ALONG A SURFACE BOUNDARY DRAPED ACROSS SOUTHERN ILLINOIS...INDIANA AND OHIO. THE TRACK OF THE SURFACE LOW WILL KEEP EAST KENTUCKY IN THE WARM SECTOR WITH VFR CONDITIONS EXPECTED THROUGH AROUND 14Z. MODELS CONTINUE TO INDICATE A STRENGTHENING LOW LEVEL JET TOWARDS DAWN...ALTHOUGH THEIR PROJECTIONS MAYBE SLIGHTLY OVERDONE COMPARING THE PROGS WITH OBSERVED ACARS SOUNDINGS OVER SDF. NEVERTHELESS...EXPECT MARGINAL LLWS TO BE OBSERVED BY 10Z WITH SPEEDS OF 40 KT AS LOW AS 1500 FT AGL.

AS THE SURFACE LOW TRACKS OFF TO OUR NORTHEAST...THE LONG AWAITING COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE WILL FINALLY TAKE PLACE BRINGING A PERIOD OF SHRA/+SHRA WITH AT LEAST MVFR CIGS AND VSBYS. WOULD EXPECT SOME BRIEF IFR CONDITIONS AS WELL BUT NOT LONG ENOUGH TO INCLUDE IN TAFS AT THIS TIME. SOUTHWESTERLY WINDS WILL ALSO INCREASE AS THE FRONT NEARS WITH GUSTS OVER 20 KT EXPECTED. THE WINDS WILL VEER AROUND BECOMING WESTERLY AFTER THE FROPA WITH SHRA GRADUALLY DECREASING IN COVERAGE. PLENTIFUL LOW LEVEL MOISTURE BEHIND THE FRONT SHOULD KEEP MVFR CIGS AROUND THROUGH THE END OF THE TAF PERIOD.

&&

.JKL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FLOOD WATCH THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR KYZ044-050>052-058>060- 104-106-108.

&&

$$

SHORT TERM...AR LONG TERM...GREIF AVIATION...ABE


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS JACKSON KY
AFDJKL 1245 AM EST MON JAN 15 2007

.SHORT TERM.../TONIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/

THE NW PART OF THE CWA RECEIVED SOME LIGHT PRECIP THIS EVENING FROM SHOWERS...WITH RETURNS IN THE SOUTH NOT EVEN MEASURING. IN FACT... ONLY A MID DECK IS IN PLACE IN MOST AREAS. SAT AND RADAR TRENDS... AS WELL AS RECENT MODEL RUNS HAVE A LARGE BATCH OF RAIN IN ADVANCE OF THE DEVELOPING SFC WAVE THAT IS RIDING NE ALONG THE FRONT AFFECTING AREAS WELL WEST AND NW OF THE CWA FOR MOST OF THE NIGHT. AS THE LOW GETS INTO OH LATER TONIGHT AND FRONT INCHES CLOSER TO THE AREA...THE CHANCE FOR PRECIP ALONG THE FRONT WILL INCREASE. IN ADDITION...SW/V TROUGH MOVING IN FROM THE WEST WILL ADD ADDITIONAL FORCING FOR PRECIP...THAT HAS GENERALLY BEEN LACKING THIS EVENING EVEN THOUGH PW IS 200 TO 350 PERCENT OF NORMAL.

THE 3 AND 6 HR FFG GUIDANCE VALUES REMAIN ABOUT 1.5 INCHES OR LESS IN THE NW COUNTIES AND THOSE AMOUNTS MIGHT BE ATTAINABLE IN HEAVIER SHOWERS LATER TONIGHT OR ON MONDAY...SO OPTED TO CONTINUE THE FLOOD WATCH AS IS.

THE REST OF THE PREVIOUS DISCUSSION FOLLOWS:

THE MODELS ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT ALOFT THROUGH 48 HOURS AS THEY TAKE THE BULK OF THE LARGE SOUTHWEST TROUGH...PICKED UP BY THE NORTHERN STREAM...AND RAM IT INTO THE NORTHERN FRINGE OF THE ANOMALOUS SOUTHEASTERN RIDGE BY TUESDAY MORNING. THIS COLLISION TAKES PLACE OVER THE OHIO VALLEY AND WILL BE THE KEY FACTOR FINALLY SHOVING THE STALLED SFC FRONTAL BOUNDARY THROUGH KENTUCKY AND OFF TO THE SOUTHEAST. AFTER 48 HOURS THE MODELS DIVERGE SOMEWHAT AS THE GFS HOLDS BACK A BIGGER CHUNK OF THE SOUTHWEST LOW THAN THE NAM...THOUGH THE PROGS ARE SIMILAR OVER THE EASTERN HALF OF THE NATION. IN THE WAKE OF THE NORTHEAST TROUGH SWEEPING THROUGH...HEIGHTS WILL RISE OVER THE OHIO VALLEY THROUGH MID WEEK. HOWEVER...THE DIFFERENCE IN THE MODEL SOLUTIONS IN THE WEST WILL LEAD TO MORE UNCERTAINTY FOR THE EXTENDED PART OF THE FORECAST.

SENSIBLE WEATHER WILL FEATURE A RENEWED SURGE OF MOISTURE AND LIFT ALONG THE FRONT TONIGHT AS THE MAIN WAVE APPROACHES. STILL THINK THAT THERE WILL BE A TIGHT GRADIENT TO THE RAIN CHANCES FROM NORTHWEST TO SOUTHEAST ACROSS THE CWA...THOUGH...AND HAVE TRIED TO SHOW THIS IN THE GRIDS AND TEXT PRODUCTS. IN GENERAL...HAVE FOLLOWED A BLEND OF THE SIMILAR MODEL SOLUTIONS. ACCORDINGLY...EXPECT THE DEEPENING SFC LOW TO LIFT THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE STALLED FRONT NORTHWARD THIS EVENING AS THE LOW APPROACHES...KEEPING THE SOUTHEAST TWO THIRDS OF THE CWA FROM SEEING MUCH IN THE WAY OF RAINFALL UNTIL THE COLD FRONT COMES THROUGH MONDAY MORNING. THIS FRONT WILL CONTAIN HEAVY TO EXCESSIVE RAINS ENHANCED BY STRONG SFC CONVERGENCE. EXPECT A SOLID INCH OF RAIN FOR MOST OF THE AREA AS IT MOVES THROUGH DURING THE DAY MONDAY. NORTH OF THE MOUNTAIN PARKWAY...IN THE WATCH AREA...THEY ARE A LITTLE MORE PRIMED FOR FLASH FLOODING DUE TO THE RAIN THAT THEY SAW LAST NIGHT. ACCORDINGLY...THE WATCH FOR THIS AREA REMAINS A GOOD IDEA...THOUGH THE THREAT FOR SIGNIFICANT RIVER RISES AND POTENTIAL FOR LARGER TRIBUTARY FLOODING APPEARS TO BE MUCH DIMINISHED. HAVE ADJUSTED THE WORDING IN THE FFA TO REFLECT THESE LATEST THOUGHTS. WITH THE FRONT NOT DUE IN HERE UNTIL AFTER 12Z...HAVE KEEP TEMPS UP QUITE MILD TONIGHT AND THEN USED THESE AS A STARTING POINT FOR HIGHS ON MONDAY WITH FALLING TEMPS EXPECTED DURING THE AFTERNOON.

THE COLDER...MODIFIED ARCTIC AIR MOVES INTO THE AREA MONDAY NIGHT... CHANGING THE LINGERING PCPN FROM RAIN SHOWERS TO SNOW SHOWERS. ON TUESDAY...UPSLOPE FLOW AND THE UPPER LEVEL DYNAMICS OF THE TROUGH PASSING WILL KEEP THE CHANCE FOR MAINLY SNOW SHOWERS IN THE FORECAST THROUGH THE DAY AND INTO TUESDAY NIGHT. DO NOT SEE ENOUGH QPF AVAILABLE FOR ANY ACCUMULATION FROM THESE SHOWERS...THOUGH. HOWEVER...THE COLDER AIR AND BRISK NORTHWEST WINDS WILL HELP TO PUNCTUATE THIS SHARP RETURN TO MORE SEASONABLE WEATHER.

.LONG TERM.../WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/

THE MODELS HAVE A FAIR AMOUNT OF DISAGREEMENT ALOFT THROUGH THE EXTENDED PORTION OF THE FORECAST WITH THE OUTLIER GFS MAINTAINING A STRONGER SOUTHEAST RIDGE THAN THE OTHER MODELS. ACCORDINGLY...HAVE BLENDED TOWARD THE LESS AMPLIFIED...NORTHERN STREAM DOMINATED... SOLUTION OF THE ECMWF FOR THE FORECAST. THE HPC PRESSURE AND SFC FRONTAL PROGS WERE FOLLOWED CLOSELY FOR THIS FORECAST. LIKEWISE... THEIR TEMPERATURES GUIDANCE WAS ACCEPTED WITH MINOR ADJUSTMENTS MADE FOR LOCAL TERRAIN EFFECTS. AS FOR SENSIBLE WEATHER...MUCH MORE SEASONABLE WEATHER WILL BE UPON US AS MODERATED ARCTIC HIGH PRESSURE PUSHES THROUGH THE MIDWEST AND INTO THE OHIO VALLEY. MEANWHILE...THE BOUNDARY THAT BROUGHT RAIN AND SHOW SHOWERS TO THE FIRST PART OF THE FORECAST WILL STALL WELL TO THE SOUTHEAST. HOWEVER...A NORTHERN STREAM WAVE WILL LURE MORE MOISTURE NORTH AHEAD OF ITS SFC TROUGH...STARTING THURSDAY. THIS RETURN FLOW MOISTURE WILL MAKE THE FORECAST FOR THE END OF THE WEEK TRICKY...PARTICULARLY IN THE FACE OF MODEL DISAGREEMENT ALOFT OVER OUR REGION. FOR NOW HAVE GONE WITH A SMALL CHANCE FOR RAIN OR SNOW STARTING LATE THURSDAY NIGHT AND CONTINUING THROUGH THE WEEKEND AS DEEP LOW PRESSURE PASSES BY TO THE NORTH LATE FRIDAY. ANOTHER SYSTEM AND ITS COLD FRONT WILL QUICKLY APPROACH THE AREA LATER SATURDAY SWINGING THROUGH ON SUNDAY. WITHOUT THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STREAM PHASING OVERALL PCPN AMOUNTS LOOK TO BE LIGHT THROUGH THE LATTER PART OF THE FORECAST.

&&

.AVIATION.../06Z TO 06Z/...UPDATED

SURFACE LOW IS MOVING NORTH UP THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ALONG A SURFACE BOUNDARY DRAPED ACROSS SOUTHERN ILLINOIS...INDIANA AND OHIO. THE TRACK OF THE SURFACE LOW WILL KEEP EAST KENTUCKY IN THE WARM SECTOR WITH VFR CONDITIONS EXPECTED THROUGH AROUND 14Z. MODELS CONTINUE TO INDICATE A STRENGTHENING LOW LEVEL JET TOWARDS DAWN...ALTHOUGH THEIR PROJECTIONS MAYBE SLIGHTLY OVERDONE COMPARING THE PROGS WITH OBSERVED ACARS SOUNDINGS OVER SDF. NEVERTHELESS...EXPECT MARGINAL LLWS TO BE OBSERVED BY 10Z WITH SPEEDS OF 40 KT AS LOW AS 1500 FT AGL.

AS THE SURFACE LOW TRACKS OFF TO OUR NORTHEAST...THE LONG AWAITING COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE WILL FINALLY TAKE PLACE BRINGING A PERIOD OF SHRA/+SHRA WITH AT LEAST MVFR CIGS AND VSBYS. WOULD EXPECT SOME BRIEF IFR CONDITIONS AS WELL BUT NOT LONG ENOUGH TO INCLUDE IN TAFS AT THIS TIME. SOUTHWESTERLY WINDS WILL ALSO INCREASE AS THE FRONT NEARS WITH GUSTS OVER 20 KT EXPECTED. THE WINDS WILL VEER AROUND BECOMING WESTERLY AFTER THE FROPA WITH SHRA GRADUALLY DECREASING IN COVERAGE. PLENTIFUL LOW LEVEL MOISTURE BEHIND THE FRONT SHOULD KEEP MVFR CIGS AROUND THROUGH THE END OF THE TAF PERIOD.

&&

.JKL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FLOOD WATCH THROUGH MONDAY AFTERNOON FOR KYZ044-050>052-058>060- 104-106-108.

&&

$$

SHORT TERM...GREIF/JP LONG TERM...GREIF AVIATION...ABE


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
AFDLOT 425 AM CST MON JAN 15 2007

.DISCUSSION REGARDING 400 AM CST FORECAST ISSUANCE...

HAVE CANCELLED ALL WINTER WX HEADLINES.

RADAR AND SATLT LOOPS INDICATE THAT DRY SLOT...ASSD WITH SHEARING VORT MAX NOW OVR NERN IA/SWRN WI INVOF LSE...HAS PUNCHED THRU MOST OF FA. THE NAM INITIALIZED BEST AGAIN PAST TWO MDL RUNS AND CONTINUES TO BE THE MODEL OF CHOICE. THIS GUIDANCE PIVOTS AXIS OF HANG BACK PCPN NOW ORIENTED SW-NE FROM IA-NRN WI...EWD ACROSS UPR MIDWEST THRU TDY. SATLT EXTRAPOLATION OF SRN END OF THIS ENHANCED AREA SUPPORTS NAM...AND EXPECT THAT PERIODS OF LGT SNOW WILL CONT ACRS EXTRM NRN IL AHD OF MAIN H5 TROF AXIS MOST OF TDY...WITH ADDL ACCUMULATIONS LESS THAN 1 IN. TEMPS WILL LIKELY HOVER ABOUT WHERE THEY ARE NOW...AND THEN BEGIN A SLOW FALL BY LATE MRNG AS SFC PRES BEGINS TO RISE FURTHER UPSTREAM IN POLAR AMS. THIS WILL INCR COLD ADVECTION THIS AFTN AND TNGT. WILL KEEP MENTION OF FLRYS IN ALL AREAS INTO TUES MRNG DUE TO LLVL CAA AND WITH APCH OF MID LVL TROF AXIS. NO SIG PCPN THIS AFTN OR TNGT XCP IN PORTER CO WHERE LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHWRS MAY RESULT IN SOME MINOR ACCUMULATIONS TNGT. CURRENT FCST PARCEL TRAJECTORIES SUGGEST BETTER CHC FOR SIG LAKE EFFECT EVENT WILL BE JUST TO E OF FA.

LTL CHG MADE TO RMNDR OF FCST WITH A COUPLE OF REINFORCING COLD SHOTS FCST WITH PASSAGE OF CLIPPER TYPE SYS...THE MOST SIG OF WHICH IS FCST THRU UPR MIDWEST ON THUR. CURRENTLY FCST PATH OF VORT MAX IS INTO NRN IL BY THUR EVENING SO EXPECT ANY MEAS SNOW WITH THIS FEATURE TO BE TO OUR N AND FURTHER INTO COLDER AIR.

MERZLOCK

&&

.AVIATION... FOR 12Z TAFS...MID LEVEL DRYING FROM ABOUT 700-500MB SEEN IN MODEL SOUNDINGS EVIDENT IN RADAR LOOPS AS BULK OF PRECIP HAS EXITED AREA. ALL THAT REMAINS ARE SMALL WEAK BANDS OF LAKE EFFECT SNOW SEEN IN RADAR LOOP MOVING SW FROM THE LAKE INTO THE CHICAGO AREA. VISIBILITIES DOWN TO ABOUT 2 MILES IN SNOW AT TIMES. NNE WINDS SHOULD TURN N BY MID MORNING...THEN NNW BY EARLY AFTERNOON...BRINING AN END TO THE LAKE EFFECT...EXCEPT IN GARY WHERE IT COULD LAST INTO EVENING. ACARS AND MODEL SOUNDINGS INDICATE ENTIRE LAYER...EXCEPT FOR SURFACE...NOW BELOW FREEZING...SO PRECIP SHOULD BE MAINLY SNOW. BUT WITH DRYING OCCURRING IN BEST ICE CRYSTAL GROWTH REGION...SOME FREEZING DRIZZLE STILL POSSIBLE THIS MORNING. BY AFTERNOON EVEN LOWER PART OF SOUNDING...DOWN TO 800 MB OR SO...DROPS TO ABOUT -10 SO ONLY SNOW EXPECTED THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. SOME HANGBACK MOISTURE ACROSS WISCONSIN AND IOWA IS FORECAST BY MODELS TO MOVE ENE. SOME VERY LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS OR FLURRIES POSSIBLE THROUGH THE DAY AND INTO TONIGHT BUT BEST SHOT SEEMS TO BE TOWARD THE WISCONSIN BORDER AND ESPECIALLY LATE AFTERNOON AND EVENING. SHOULD NOT BE SIGNIFICANT WITH ONLY BRIEF MVFR VISIBILITIES.

IFR CIGS SHOULD IMPROVE AFTER DAYBREAK AND SHOULD LIFT ABOVE 2000 FEET BY THIS EVENING. EXPECT CLEARING TUESDAY MORNING...BUT BEYOND SCOPE OF THIS FORECAST.

NNE WINDS THIS MORNING SHOULD TURN N BY MID MORNING AND NNW BY EARLY AFTERNOON. EXPECT WINDS TO PICK UP AND GUST TO AROUND 20 TO 25 KNOTS IN THE AFTERNOON. GUSTINESS SHOULD SUBSIDE AFTER DARK BUT WINDS WILL STAY BRISK THROUGH TUESDAY.

ALLSOPP

&&

.LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...NONE .IN...NONE .LM...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT.

&&

$$


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS SEATTLE WA
AFDSEW 340 AM PST MON JAN 15 2007

.SYNOPSIS...A COLD AND DRY AIR MASS WILL REMAIN OVER WESTERN WASHINGTON TODAY. A PACIFIC FRONTAL SYSTEM WILL PASS THROUGH THE AREA TUESDAY WITH THE PRECIPITATION AHEAD OF THE SYSTEM BEGINNING LATE TONIGHT. DRY WEATHER WILL RETURN TO THE AREA WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY. ANOTHER WEATHER SYSTEM WILL BRING ANOTHER CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION TO THE AREA FRIDAY AND SATURDAY.

&&

.SHORT TERM...VERY TRICKY FORECAST THIS MORNING REGARDING THE PRECIPITATION AMOUNT AND TYPE FOR TUESDAY MORNING. FOR TODAY...SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS UPPER LEVEL RIDGE MOVING EASTWARD WITH THE RIDGE AXIS ALONG THE COAST AT 10Z. FRONT THAT WILL BE THE WEATHER PRODUCER ALSO MOVING EASTWARD THIS MORNING AND IS NEAR 135W AT 10Z. SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE REMAINS OVER EASTERN WASHINGTON WITH FLAT SURFACE GRADIENTS. AMS ALOFT SHOWING SIGNS OF WARMING UP WITH MOST HIGH MOUNTAIN LOCATIONS...LIKE PARADISE...ABOUT 10 DEGREES WARMER THAN LAST NIGHT. STRONG LOW LEVEL INVERSION STILL IN PLACE OVER WESTERN WASHINGTON WITH ACARS SOUNDINGS SHOWING THE TOP OF INVERSION NEAR 5500 FEET. MOSTLY SUNNY SKIES TODAY FOR THE CWA WITH JUST SOME HIGH CLOUDS MOVING THROUGH THE REGION. CLOUDS INCREASE TONIGHT WITH RAIN DEVELOPING ALONG THE COAST AND PRECIPITATION SPREADING INLAND AFTER MIDNIGHT. FRONT CURRENTLY TIMED TO REACH THE COAST MID MORNING AND BE THROUGH THE SEATTLE AREA LATE MORNING/MIDDAY. NOW FOR THE PRECIPITATION TYPE. THE VARIABLES...SURFACE GRADIENTS...LIGHT SOUTHEASTERLY...IF THEY WERE STRONGER THE GRADIENTS COULD HELP WARM AND DRY OUT THE LOWER LAYER OF THE AMS OVER PUGET SOUND. TEMPERATURES...WITH THE INCREASING CLOUD COVER OVERNIGHT MINIMUM TEMPERATURES WILL BE WARMER THAN THE LAST FEW NIGHTS BUT STILL BELOW FREEZING BY A COUPLE OF DEGREES OVER THE INTERIOR. TEMPERATURES RIGHT AHEAD OF THE FRONT WILL BE NEAR FREEZING OVER THE PUGET SOUND INTERIOR AT THE SURFACE. TEMPERATURES ALOFT WILL WARM UP OVERNIGHT WITH THE 850 MB TEMPERATURES AROUND -2C RIGHT AHEAD OF THE FRONT. THICKNESS VALUES...1000 TO 850 MB THICKNESS VALUES BELOW 1300M FROM SEATTLE NORTHWARD. WINDS ALOFT...WINDS IN THE 1000-850 MB LAYER GENERALLY SOUTHWESTERLY 5 TO 15 KNOTS. GIVEN THESE VARIABLES HERE IS THE GAME PLAN. WITH THE PRECIPITATION ARRIVING IN THE INTERIOR BETWEEN 09Z-12Z AND TEMPERATURES NEAR FREEZING AND THE LOW 1000-850 THICKNESS VALUES PRECIPITATION WILL START OFF AS SNOW. AS THE MORNING WEARS ON AND THE TEMPERATURES WARM WITH THE INCREASE IN THE LOW LEVEL ONSHORE FLOW IN MOST PLACES THE PRECIPITATION WILL CHANGE OVER TO RAIN. CURRENT QPF VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE FRONT RANGE FROM .10 TO .30 INCHES SO EVEN IF THE PRECIPITATION REMAINS IN THE FORM OF SNOW THE MAXIMUM SNOW AMOUNTS LOOK TO BE 3 OR 4 INCHES. THE PLACES WHERE THE PRECIPITATION IS MOST LIKELY TO REMAIN AS SNOW WILL BE OVER THE HOOD CANAL AREAS WHERE THE SOUTHEASTERLY GRADIENTS COULD TRAP THE COLD AIR AND FROM NORTH OF SEATTLE TO CANADIAN BORDER GENERALLY EAST OF I-5. BEHIND THE FRONT...NOT MUCH IN THE WAY OF SHOWER ACTIVITY AND WITH THE WEAK ONSHORE GRADIENTS IF A CONVERGENCE ZONE FORMS IT WILL LIKELY REMAIN NEAR THE EAST ENTRANCE TO THE STRAIT. DRYING NORTHWESTERLY FLOW ALOFT FOR WEDNESDAY WITH SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE BUILDING OVER THE AREA.

.LONG TERM...EXTENDED MODELS SIMILAR ON THURSDAY WITH FLAT UPPER LEVEL RIDGE OVER THE AREA AND SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE. MODELS DIVERGE ON FRIDAY AND SATURDAY WITH THE EURO AND CANADIAN STAYING WITH THE IDEA OF A WEAK SYSTEM TRYING TO MOVE INTO THE AREA WHILE THE GFS CHANGES ITS TUNE AND NOW INDICATES A BLOCKING UPPER LEVEL PATTERN DEVELOPING OVER THE WEST COAST. WITH THE GFS NOT SHOWING MUCH RUN TO RUN CONSISTENCY WILL STAY WITH THE CANADIAN/EURO SOLUTION AND KEEP CHANCE OF RAIN IN THE FORECAST FOR FRIDAY AND SATURDAY. FELTON

&&

.AVIATION...INCREASING CIRRUS TODAY AND MID LEVEL CLOUDS THIS EVENING...MID LEVEL OVERCAST LOWERING TONIGHT WITH PRECIP DVLPG AFTER MIDNIGHT. LIGHT AND VARIABLE OR LIGHT EAST WIND BECOMING SE10KTS THIS EVENING FOR KSEA. WITH SNOW OR RAIN ABOUT 24 HOURS AWAY FOR KSEA WILL SIMPLY INDICATE A MIX TOWARD THE END OF THE TAF PERIOD AS A HEADS UP FOR EARLY TUE MORNING. MM

&& .SEW WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY COASTAL WATERS...WEST ENTRANCE STRAIT. .AIR STAGNATION ADVISORY INTERIOR LOWLANDS THROUGH TUE MORNING.

$$

WEATHER.GOV/SEATTLE.


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS SAN DIEGO CA
AFDSGX 230 PM PST MON JAN 15 2007

.SYNOPSIS...SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE OVER UTAH WILL CAUSE LOCAL STRONG GUSTY WINDS THROUGH TUESDAY...MAINLY THROUGH AND BELOW MOUNTAIN CANYONS AND PASSES. WARMER DAYS THROUGH THURSDAY AND NOT QUITE AS COLD AT NIGHT. UPPER LEVEL LOW PRESSURE WILL BRING MORE CLOUDS OVER THE WEEKEND WITH A CHANCE OF SHOWERS.

&&

.DISCUSSION...FOR EXTREME SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA INCLUDING ORANGE... SAN DIEGO...WESTERN RIVERSIDE AND SOUTHWESTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES...

.SHORT TERM (TODAY-THU)...CLEAR SKIES TODAY. ACARS SOUNDINGS SHOWED NE WINDS 15 TO 30 KT IN THE LOW LEVELS WITH NW WINDS ALOFT. OFFSHORE GRADIENTS WITH ABOUT -8 MB SAN-TPH.

THERE WILL CONTINUE TO BE ENOUGH UPPER...THERMAL AND GRADIENT SUPPORT FOR LOCAL STRONG GUSTY OFFSHORE WINDS THROUGH TUE. THE WINDS SHOULD SHOW THE USUAL PATTERN OF DECREASING OVERNIGHT AND THEN INCREASING AGAIN TUE MORNING BEFORE FINALLY DECREASING AGAIN TUE AFTERNOON. THE STRONGEST WINDS WILL BE TODAY WITH NOT QUITE AS STRONG WINDS TUE MORNING. THE CURRENT WIND WARNINGS AND ADVISORIES LOOK GOOD. THE DRY OFFSHORE FLOW WILL INCREASE THE FIRE WEATHER HAZARD AND A RED FLAG WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR THE MOUNTAINS...INLAND VALLEYS AND ORANGE COUNTY COASTAL AREAS UNTIL 6 PM TUE. A LITTLE WARMER IN MOST AREAS TUE AND WED...ESPECIALLY W OF THE MOUNTAINS. MORE WARMING THU AS HEIGHTS INCREASE IN MILD SW FLOW ALOFT. IT WILL ALSO BE MILDER AT NIGHT. HOWEVER...THERE WILL STILL BE LOCAL FROST TONIGHT AT THE LOWER ELEVATIONS IN AREAS PROTECTED FROM THE WINDS. IT WILL NOT BE QUITE AS COLD AS PREVIOUS NIGHTS AND WINDS WILL CAUSE FLUCTUATING MIN TEMPS FOR SHORTER FROST DURATIONS. THERE WILL BE INCREASING HIGH CLOUDS THU IN THE SW FLOW ALOFT.

.LONG RANGE (FRIDAY-MONDAY)...PROGS INDICATE THE UPPER LOW OFF THE COAST WILL SLOWLY MOVE E FRI FOR MORE MID TO HIGH CLOUDS AND A LITTLE COOLING. THE LOW COULD TAP INTO TROPICAL MOISTURE WITH A JET JUST S OF SAN DIEGO THIS WEEKEND FOR A CHANCE OF SHOWERS. HOWEVER...BECAUSE THE LOW WILL BE CUT OFF FROM THE MAIN FLOW THE TIMING AND PRECIP AMOUNTS A VERY UNCERTAIN. DRYER OFFSHORE FLOW SHOULD DEVELOP EARLY NEXT WEEK. &&

.AVIATION... GUSTY OFFSHORE WINDS WILL CONTINUE OVERNIGHT INTO TUESDAY NEAR AND BELOW PASSES AND CANYONS...THEN WEAKEN LATE TUESDAY AFTERNOON INTO WEDNESDAY. THE STRONGEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED BELOW THE CAJON PASS IN THE INLAND EMPIRE AND NEAR THE SANTA ANA MOUNTAINS. THESE WINDS WILL GENERATE AREAS OF TURBULENCE...STRONG UP AND DOWN DRAFTS...AND MOUNTAIN WAVES WITH ROTORS. THERE WILL LIKELY BE AREAS OF BLOWING DUST AS WELL. OTHERWISE VFR CONDITIONS WILL PREVAIL WITH CLEAR SKIES AND GENERALLY UNRESTRICTED VSBYS.

&&

.SGX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...

HIGH WIND WARNING UNTIL 3 PM TUESDAY FOR...THE INLAND EMPIRE...SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS AND SANTA ANA MOUNTAINS. SEE LAXNPWSGX.

WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 3 PM TUESDAY FOR...ORANGE COUNTY COASTAL AREAS...SAN DIEGO COUNTY VALLEYS...RIVERSIDE COUNTY MOUNTAINS AND SAN DIEGO COUNTY MOUNTAINS. SEE LAXNPWSGX.

RED FLAG WARNING UNTIL 6 PM TUESDAY FOR ALL MOUNTAINS AND INLAND VALLEY AREAS AND FOR THE ORANGE COUNTY COASTAL AREAS. SEE LAXRFWSGX.

$$

PUBLIC...DVA AVIATION...SCV


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS SAN DIEGO CA
AFDSGX 930 AM PST MON JAN 15 2007

.SYNOPSIS...SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE OVER UTAH WILL CAUSE LOCAL STRONG GUSTY WINDS THROUGH TUESDAY...MAINLY THROUGH AND BELOW MOUNTAIN CANYONS AND PASSES. WARMER DAYS THROUGH THURSDAY AND NOT QUITE AS COLD AT NIGHT. UPPER LEVEL LOW PRESSURE WILL BRING MORE CLOUDS OVER THE WEEKEND WITH A CHANCE OF SHOWERS.

&&

.DISCUSSION...FOR EXTREME SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA INCLUDING ORANGE... SAN DIEGO...WESTERN RIVERSIDE AND SOUTHWESTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES...

.SHORT TERM (TODAY-THU)...CLEAR SKIES TODAY. ACARS SOUNDINGS SHOWED NE WINDS TO 20 KT IN THE LOW LEVELS WITH WLY WINDS ALOFT. OFFSHORE GRADIENTS WITH ABOUT -10 MB SAN-TPH.

THERE WILL CONTINUE TO BE ENOUGH UPPER...THERMAL AND GRADIENT SUPPORT FOR LOCAL STRONG GUSTY OFFSHORE WINDS THROUGH TUE. THE WINDS SHOULD SHOW THE USUAL PATTERN OF DECREASING OVERNIGHT AND THEN INCREASING AGAIN TUE MORNING BEFORE FINALLY DECREASING AGAIN TUE AFTERNOON. THE STRONGEST WINDS WILL BE TODAY WITH NOT QUITE AS STRONG WINDS TUE MORNING. THE CURRENT WIND WARNINGS AND ADVISORIES LOOK GOOD. THE DRY OFFSHORE FLOW WILL INCREASE THE FIRE WEATHER HAZARD AND A RED FLAG WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR THE MOUNTAINS...INLAND VALLEYS AND ORANGE COUNTY COASTAL AREAS UNTIL 6 PM TUE. A LITTLE WARMER IN MOST AREAS TUE AND WED...ESPECIALLY W OF THE MOUNTAINS. MORE WARMING THU AS HEIGHTS INCREASE IN MILD SW FLOW ALOFT. IT WILL ALSO BE MILDER AT NIGHT. HOWEVER...THERE WILL STILL BE LOCAL FROST TONIGHT AT THE LOWER ELEVATIONS IN AREAS PROTECTED FROM THE WINDS. IT WILL NOT BE QUITE AS COLD AS PREVIOUS NIGHTS AND WINDS WILL CAUSE FLUCTUATING MIN TEMPS FOR SHORTER FROST DURATIONS. THERE WILL BE INCREASING HIGH CLOUDS THU IN THE SW FLOW ALOFT.

.LONG RANGE (FRIDAY-MONDAY)...PROGS INDICATE THE UPPER LOW OFF THE COAST WILL SLOWLY MOVE E FRI FOR MORE MID TO HIGH CLOUDS AND A LITTLE COOLING. THE LOW COULD TAP INTO TROPICAL MOISTURE WITH A JET JUST S OF SAN DIEGO THIS WEEKEND FOR A CHANCE OF SHOWERS. HOWEVER...BECAUSE THE LOW WILL BE CUT OFF FROM THE MAIN FLOW THE TIMING AND PRECIP AMOUNTS A VERY UNCERTAIN. DRYER OFFSHORE FLOW SHOULD DEVELOP EARLY NEXT WEEK. &&

.AVIATION... GUSTY OFFSHORE WINDS WILL CONTINUE TODAY AND TONIGHT NEAR AND BELOW PASSES AND CANYONS. THE STRONGEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED BELOW THE CAJON PASS IN THE INLAND EMPIRE AND NEAR THE SANTA ANA MOUNTAINS. THESE WINDS WILL GENERATE AREAS OF TURBULENCE...STRONG UP AND DOWN DRAFTS...AND MOUNTAIN WAVES WITH ROTORS. THERE WILL LIKELY BE AREAS OF BLOWING DUST AS WELL. OTHERWISE VFR CONDITIONS WILL PREVAIL WITH CLEAR SKIES AND GENERALLY UNRESTRICTED VSBYS.

&&

.SGX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...

HIGH WIND WARNING UNTIL 3 PM TUESDAY FOR...THE INLAND EMPIRE...SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS...SANTA ANA MOUNTAINS. SEE LAXNPWSGX.

WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 3 PM TUESDAY FOR...ORANGE COUNTY COAST...SAN DIEGO COUNTY VALLEYS...RIVERSIDE COUNTY MOUNTAINS...AND SAN DIEGO COUNTY MOUNTAINS. SEE LAXNPWSGX.

RED FLAG WARNING UNTIL 6 PM TUESDAY FOR...THE INLAND EMPIRE...SAN DIEGO COUNTY VALLEYS...ALL MOUNTAINS. SEE LAXRFWSGX.

$$

PUBLIC...DVA AVIATION...SCV


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS MARQUETTE MI
AFDMQT 410 PM EST MON JAN 15 2007

.DISCUSSION... MAIN FCST CONCERNS ARE LES TRENDS TONIGHT INTO TUE AND SNOW/LES POTENTIAL WITH NEXT MID LVL TROF AND COLD FRONT THU INTO FRI.

WV IMAGERY AND RUC ANALYSIS INDICATED A MID/UPPER LEVEL TROF FROM NRN QUEBEC THROUGH NRN MN AND THE CNTRL PLAINS TO THE SW CONUS AND RDG FROM THE PAC NW INTO NRN ALBERTA. AN INCREASINGLY SHEARED SHRTWV WAS SLIDING E THROUGH E UPR MI AND ERN WI. AT THE SFC...BRISK NRLY WINDS PREVAILED ACRS THE WRN GRT LAKES BTWN LOW PRES OVER NY AND A RDG FROM NRN ONTARIO INTO THE NRN PLAINS. RADARS INDICATED THAT LIGHT SNOW SUPPORTED BY 700-300 QVECTOR AHEAD OF THE MID LVL TROF WAS DIMINISHING BUT VSBYS REMAINED GENERALLY IN THE 2-4SM RANGE FROM NRN WI INTO SRN UPR MI AT 20Z. MULTIPLE WIND PARALLEL LES BANDS INTO NRN UPR MI WERE BRINGING OCNLY HEAVY SNOW ESPECIALLY INTO THE HIGHER TERRAIN. BANDS WERE SHIFTING THOUGH AS WINDS BACK FROM NNE TO N. PLENTY OF INSTABILITY/MOISTURE AVBL FOR LES AS 17Z KSAW/KCMX TAMDAR SNDGS INDICATED DEEP MOISTURE OVER THE AREA WITH -19C/-21C AT TOP OF 6K FT INVERSION AND 850 MB TEMPS OF -17C/-20C. UPSTREAM...VERY DRY ARCTIC AIR WAS FILTERING INTO N AND W LK SUPERIOR WHERE SFC DEWPOINTS WERE -10F TO -20F. AS A RESULT...LAKE CLOUDS WERE DEVELOPING CLOSER TO THE SOUTH SHORE OF THE LAKE.

TONIGHT...EXPECT THE REMAINING LIGHT SNOW OVER S UPR MI TO TAPER OFF TO SCT LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS OR FLURRIES EARLY THIS EVENING...PER RADAR AND SATELLITE TRENDS. SO...THE SNOW ADVY OVER THE SOUTH WILL BE DROPPED. GIVEN THE CLOUD TRENDS OVER THE WEST AND UPSTREAM 1000-850 RH IN THE 30-50 PCT RANGE...THE LES SHOULD ALSO DIMINISH THIS EVENING. SINCE SOME MINOR ACCUMULATIONS OF AN INCH OR TWO ARE STILL POSSIBLE WILL LEAVE THE WARNING/ADVISORIES INTACT. THE LONGER FETCH WILL HELP SUSTAIN THE LES INTO N CNTRL AND E UPR MI EVEN WITH THE DEPARTURE OF THE 850-700 MB MOISTURE. MDLS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE GRADUAL BACKING TREND WHICH WILL MOVE THE BEST LOW LVL CONV FROM MARQUETTE COUNTY TO ALGER/LUCE COUNTIES OVERNIGHT. SINCE LES INTENSITY IS EXPECTED TO DIMINISH BY LATE THIS EVENING...NO ADJUSTMENT TO 04Z WARNING/ADVISORY EXPIRATIONS EWAS MADE. ADDITIONAL ACCUMULATIONS WILL BE GREATEST THIS EVENING IN THE 1-4 INCH RANGE WITH ONLY 1-2 INCH AMOUNTS...MAINLY E OF MARQUETTE AFT 04Z.

TUE...NW FLOW LES WILL CONTINUE WITH ACCUMULATIONS EXPECTED MAINLY OVER THE ERN CWA. ALTHOUGH 850 TEMP TEMPS WILL REMAIN NEAR -20C...THE RELATIVELY SHALLOW COLD AIR(INVERSION HEIGHT NEAR 4K FT) WILL NOT BE FAVORABLE FOR SNOW GROWTH OR FORMATION OF STRONGER DOMINANT BANDS. SO...EXPECT AMOUNTS TO REMAIN IN THE 2-4 INCH RANGE WITH THE GREATEST AMOUNTS BTWN MUNISING AND NEWBERRY. THE SHORTER FETCH INTO W UPR MI WILL LEAD TO ONLY MINOR ACCUMULATIONS. WINDS WILL BACK SWRLY TUE NIGHT...PUSHING ANY REMAINING LES OFFSHORE WITH ONLY MINOR ADDITIONAL ACCUMULATIONS OVER THE FAR NE CWA.

WED...BRISK SW FLOW AND WAA DEVELOPING BTWN THE DEPARTING SFC RDG AND TROF DEVELOPING OVER THE PLAINS WILL BRING A QUICK WARMUP WITH TEMPS AOA NORMAL INTO THE MID AND UPPER 20S ALONG WITH PARTLY TO MOSTLY SUNNY SKIES.

THU INTO FRI...THE GFS TIMING LAGGED THE PREFERRED UKMET/ECMWF/CANADIAN WITH THE NEXT MID LVL TROF MOVING INTO THE AREA. ALTHOUGH LITTLE MOISTURE WILL BE AVAILABLE WITH THE SYSTEM AND THE GFS IS LIKELY A BIT GENEROUS WITH THE QPF...THE TROF STRENGTH/DYNAMICS JUSTIFY -SN CHANCES ACRS THE CWA. LES WILL RETURN IN THE WAKE OF THE SYSTEM AS THE ECMWF/GFS SHOW CAA DROPPING 850 MB TEMPS INTO THE -16C TO -20C BEHIND THE COLD FRONT. NW FLOW FAVORED AREAS SHOULD SEE BEST CHANCE FOR SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATIONS ALTHOUGH THE GFS HINTS AT POSSIBILITY OF WINDS VEERING MORE NRLY FOR A TIME FRI AS A SECONDARY TROF AND WEAK SHRTWV MOVES THROUGH.

SAT THROUGH MON...GENERALLY FOLLOWING THE HPC PREFERRED 00Z ECMWF/NCEP ENS MEAN WOULD SHIFT LES FOCUS TO W FLOW FAVORED LOCATIONS BY SAT WITH LES DIMINISHING SUN AS 850 TEMPS CLIMB ABOVE -10C. AND WINDS BECOME VARIABLE AND E LATE SUN. UNCERTAINTY INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY...PER MDLS AND ENSEMBLES SPREAD...BY MON WITH POSITION AND STRENGTH OF THE NEXT SIGNIFICANT MID LVL TROF AND SFC LOW WHICH BRINGS CHANCE OF SNOW ACRS THE CWA.

&&

.MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... LAKE EFFECT SNOW ADVISORY UNTIL 11 PM EST THIS EVENING FOR MIZ001>004-006-084-085.

LAKE EFFECT SNOW WARNING UNTIL 11 PM EST /10 PM CST/ THIS EVENING FOR MIZ005-009.

&&

$$

JLB