Forecast Discussions mentioning "ACARS", "MDCRS", "AIRCRAFT", "TAMDAR", or "AMDAR" received at FSL on 02/27/07


AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS SAN DIEGO CA
134 PM PST MON FEB 26 2007 .SYNOPSIS... A LOW PRESSURE TROUGH WILL SLOWLY DROP OVER SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA THROUGH WEDNESDAY BRINGING A DEEP MARINE LAYER...PERIODS OF LIGHT RAIN OR DRIZZLE WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS...AND LIGHT TO MODERATE RAIN AND SNOW IN THE MOUNTAINS. STRONG AND GUSTY WINDS WILL PERSIST AT THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS OF THE MOUNTAINS...AND IN SPOTS IN THE DESERTS. TRAVEL COULD BECOME DIFFICULT IN THE MOUNTAINS ON TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY DUE TO GUSTY WINDS AND REDUCED VISIBILITY IN SNOW AND FOG. THE PRECIPITATION SHOULD END ON THURSDAY...BUT IT WILL REMAIN RATHER COOL THROUGH FRIDAY. THEN DRY AND WARMER FOR THE WEEKEND UNDER BUILDING HIGH PRESSURE ALOFT. && .DISCUSSION...FOR EXTREME SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA INCLUDING ORANGE... SAN DIEGO...WESTERN RIVERSIDE AND SOUTHWESTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES... MARINE LAYER BACKING UP AGAINST THE COASTAL SLOPES THIS AFTERNOON TO ABOUT 5K FEET. REMOTE ALERT GAGES ON THE SLOPES INDICATE LIGHT RAIN HAS BEEN FALLING IN SPOTS...BUT AMOUNTS HAVE BEEN MOSTLY UNDER ONE-TENTH OF AN INCH OVER THE PAST FEW HOURS. SATELLITE IMAGES ALSO SHOW LONG ISLAND BANDS STREAMING OFF SANTA CATALINA AND SAN CLEMENTE CLOUDING UP SOME AREAS OF THE COAST WHILE OTHERS REMAIN MOSTLY CLEAR. SURFACE PRESSURE GRADIENTS HAVE INCREASED AGAIN INLAND TO OVER 12 MBS SAN DIEGO TO TONOPAH. A FEW SPOTS IN THE MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS HAVE BEEN REPORTING GUSTS FROM 35 TO 45 MPH. IN GENERAL...UP THROUGH NOON...WINDS HAVE NOT BEEN A PROBLEM. THE MAIN WEATHER CONCERN FOR THE NEXT FEW DAYS WILL BE THE WIND... EVEN THOUGH PERIODS OF RAIN AND SNOW ARE EXPECTED. THE STRONGEST WINDS WILL BE CONCENTRATED OVER THE HIGHEST TERRAIN IN THE SAN JACINTO AND SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS...AND DOWNWIND OVER SPOTS IN THE DESERTS...WHERE MOUNTAIN WAVES SURFACE. WIND GUSTS IN THESE AREAS WILL LIKELY EXCEED 50 MPH. OUR LOCAL WIND GUIDANCE INDICATES HIGH WIND CRITERIA WILL MARGINALLY BE MET IN THE WINDIEST SPOTS SO I WILL LEAVE THE WARNING IN EFFECT...HOWEVER MOST AREAS WILL LIKELY EXPERIENCE ADVISORY WINDS AT BEST. SYNOPTICALLY...A LARGE...LONG-WAVE TROUGH WILL BE MOVING OVER CALIFORNIA THROUGH WED...SOLIDIFYING THE POLAR AND SUBTROPICAL JETS INTO ONE STRONG JET CORE EXCEEDING 170 KTS OVER SAN DIEGO. WHILE THE BULK OF THIS WIND WILL FLY BY OVERHEAD...WINDS LOWER IN THE ATMOSPHERE WILL BE ACCELERATING FROM THE WEST...WHICH WILL DRIVE THE UPSLOPE MACHINE ON OUR COASTAL SLOPES FOR A PROLONGED PERIOD OF LIGHT TO MODERATE PRECIPITATION...FOG AND CLOUDS. AS TEMPERATURES FALL ON TUE NIGHT AND WED...SOME SNOW IS LIKELY ABOVE 4K FT AS WELL. THE COMBINATION OF SNOWFALL...WIND...AND FOG WILL MAKE FOR HAZARDOUS TRAVEL IN OUR MOUNTAINS ON TUE AND WED. THE UPPER-LEVEL TROUGH AND SCREAMING JET WILL MOVE EAST...INTO THE MIDWEST WREAKING METEOROLOGICAL HAVOC THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND THE GREAT LAKES...WHILE OUR WEATHER DRIES AND SLOWLY WARMS THU AND FRI BACK TO NEAR SEASONAL NORMALS. NEXT WEEKEND LOOKS DOWNRIGHT SPECTACULAR AS TEMPS RISE AND THE SKIES REMAIN CLEAR. && AVIATION... LATE MORNING ACARS SOUNDINGS INDICATE THE MARINE LAYER DEPTH HAD LOWERED TO AROUND 4000 FEET OVER THE AREA. THE MARINE LAYER IS EXPECTED TO DEEPEN TONIGHT AND TUESDAY. MULTIPLE LAYERS OF STRATOCU IS EXPECTED WITH THE LOWEST SCATTERED LOCALLY BROKEN LAYER AROUND 2000 FEET MSL WITH ANOTHER BROKEN LAYER AROUND 3500 FEET MSL. FAIRLY STRONG WESTERLY WINDS ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS SHOULD PRODUCE MOUNTAIN WAVE/ROTOR ACTIVITY OVER THE COACHELLA VALLEY THROUGH THIS EVENING. KSAN...KCRQ...KSNA AND KONT...SHOULD REMAIN MVFR OR BETTER THROUGH TONIGHT. KPSP...MAIN ISSUE WILL BE MOUNTAIN WAVE/ROTOR ACTIVITY. PREDOMINATE WIND SHOULD BE NORTHWEST BUT COULD GO SOUTHEAST AT TIMES AS A RESULT OF ROTOR ACTIVITY. && .SGX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CA...WIND ADVISORY FOR THE THE MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS UNTIL 6 PM... THEN A HIGH WIND WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. SEE LAXNPWSGX. SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT. SEE LAXSPSSGX. PZ...NONE. && $$ PUBLIC............JAD AVIATION/MARINE...HORTON NWS ON THE WEB AT WEATHER.GOV/SANDIEGO
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS SAN DIEGO CA
912 AM PST MON FEB 26 2007 .SYNOPSIS... A LOW PRESSURE TROUGH WILL SLOWLY DROP OVER SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA THROUGH WEDNESDAY BRINGING A DEEP MARINE LAYER...PERIODS OF LIGHT RAIN OR DRIZZLE...AND STRONG...GUSTY WINDS TO THE MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS. SEVERAL INCHES OF SNOW COULD FALL IN THE MOUNTAINS ABOVE 4000 FEET ON WEDNESDAY. IT WILL REMAIN RATHER COOL THROUGH FRIDAY THEN DRY AND WARMER FOR THE WEEKEND UNDER BUILDING HIGH PRESSURE ALOFT. && .DISCUSSION...FOR EXTREME SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA INCLUDING ORANGE... SAN DIEGO...WESTERN RIVERSIDE AND SOUTHWESTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES... MARINE LAYER LOOKS TO BE ABOUT 6K FT THIS MORNING BASED ON THE 12Z MIRAMAR SOUNDING AND RECENT VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGES. CLOUDS ARE THICKEST UP AGAINST THE COASTAL SLOPES WHERE SOME LIGHT PRECIPITATION IS BEING REPORTED FROM REMOTE GAGES. THE CLOUDS ARE BROKEN FARTHER WEST TOWARD THE COAST. SURFACE PRESSURE GRADIENTS HAVE WEAKENED A BIT FROM YESTERDAY AND WINDS LOOK TO BE BELOW ADVISORY CRITERIA OVER MOST OF THE AREA...EVEN THOUGH SOME STRONG GUSTS OVER 30 MPH CONTINUE IN SPOTS IN THE MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS. THE MAIN WEATHER CONCERN FOR THE NEXT FEW DAYS WILL BE THE WIND... EVEN THOUGH PERIODS OF LIGHT PRECIPITATION ARE EXPECTED. THE STRONGEST WINDS WILL BE CONCENTRATED OVER THE HIGHEST TERRAIN IN THE SAN JACINTO AND SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS...AND DOWNWIND OVER SPOTS IN THE DESERTS WHERE MOUNTAIN WAVES SURFACE. WIND GUSTS IN THESE AREAS WILL LIKELY EXCEED 50 MPH AT TIMES. SYNOPTICALLY...A LARGE...LONG-WAVE TROUGH WILL BE MOVING OVER CALIFORNIA THROUGH WED...SOLIDIFYING THE POLAR AND SUBTROPICAL JETS INTO ONE STRONG JET CORE EXCEEDING 170 KTS OVER SAN DIEGO. WHILE THE BULK OF THIS WIND WILL FLY BY OVERHEAD...WINDS LOWER IN THE ATMOSPHERE WILL BE ACCELERATING FROM THE WEST...WHICH WILL DRIVE THE UPSLOPE MACHINE ON OUR COASTAL SLOPES FOR A PROLONGED PERIOD OF...MOSTLY LIGHT PRECIPITATION...FOG AND CLOUDS. AS TEMPERATURES FALL ON TUE NIGHT AND WED...SOME SNOW IS LIKELY ABOVE 4K FT AS WELL. THE COMBINATION OF SNOWFALL...WIND...AND FOG WILL MAKE FOR HAZARDOUS TRAVEL IN OUR MOUNTAINS ON TUE AND WED. THE UPPER-LEVEL TROUGH AND SCREAMING JET WILL MOVE EAST...INTO THE MIDWEST WREAKING METEOROLOGICAL HAVOC THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY THE GREAT LAKES AND POINTS EAST...WHILE OUR WEATHER DRIES AND SLOWLY WARMS THU AND FRI BACK TO NEAR SEASONAL NORMALS. NEXT WEEKEND LOOKS DOWNRIGHT SPECTACULAR AT THIS POINT ANYWAY...AS TEMPS RISE AND THE SKIES REMAIN CLEAR. && AVIATION... MORNING ACARS SOUNDINGS INDICATE THE MARINE LAYER DEPTH WAS AROUND 5000 FEET OVER THE AREA. LITTLE CHANGE IN THE DEPTH IS EXPECTED TODAY BUT THE MARINE LAYER DEPTH IS EXPECTED TO DEEPEN FURTHER TONIGHT AND TUESDAY. MULTIPLE LAYERS OF STRATOCU IS EXPECTED WITH THE LOWEST SCATTERED LOCALLY BROKEN LAYER AROUND 2000 FEET MSL WITH ANOTHER BROKEN LAYER AROUND 4000 FEET MSL. FAIRLY STRONG WESTERLY WINDS ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS SHOULD PRODUCE MOUNTAIN WAVE/ROTOR ACTIVITY OVER THE COACHELLA VALLEY THROUGH THIS EVENING. KSAN...KCRQ...KSNA AND KONT...SHOULD REMAIN MVFR OR BETTER THROUGH TONIGHT. KPSP...MAIN ISSUE WILL BE MOUNTAIN WAVE/ROTOR ACTIVITY. PREDOMINATE WIND SHOULD BE NORTHWEST BUT COULD GO SOUTHEAST AT TIMES AS A RESULT OF ROTOR ACTIVITY. && .SGX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CA...WIND ADVISORY FOR THE THE MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS UNTIL 6 PM... THEN A HIGH WIND WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. SEE LAXNPWSGX. SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT. SEE LAXSPSSGX. PZ...NONE. && $$ PUBLIC............JAD AVIATION/MARINE...HORTON NWS ON THE WEB AT WEATHER.GOV/SANDIEGO
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS SAN DIEGO CA
102 PM PST SUN FEB 25 2007 .SYNOPSIS... INCREASING ONSHORE FLOW WILL BRING COOLING...GUSTY WINDS IN THE MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS...AND AN INCREASE IN CLOUDINESS WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS THROUGH TUESDAY. EXPECT PATCHY DRIZZLE OR SPRINKLES AT TIMES WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT. THE BEST CHANCE FOR MEASURABLE RAIN AND MOUNTAIN SNOW WILL BE ON TUESDAY INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY AS A TROUGH OF LOW PRESSURE SWINGS THROUGH THE REGION. THEN BREEZY AT TIMES AND CONTINUED COOL THROUGH FRIDAY. SLIGHTLY WARMER BY NEXT WEEKEND. && .DISCUSSION...FOR EXTREME SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA INCLUDING ORANGE... SAN DIEGO...WESTERN RIVERSIDE AND SOUTHWESTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES... SATELLITE SHOWS MARINE STRATUS HAS BEEN INCREASING THROUGHOUT THE DAY. A FEW SHOWERS HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN ORANGE COUNTY ASSOCIATED WITH A SURGE OF STRATUS MOVING DOWN THE COAST. BECAUSE OF THE ADDITIONAL CLOUD COVER...TEMPERATURES WERE RUNNING...ABOUT 5 DEGREES F COOLER THAN YESTERDAY AT NOON. SEVERAL BANDS OF STRATOCU ARE ADVANCING TOWARD THE CA COAST THIS AFTERNOON THAT DO NOT CORRELATE WELL WITH MODEL FEATURES. THIS IS TROUBLESOME AND KEEPS CONFIDENCE LOW FOR THE ONSET OF MEASURABLE PRECIPITATION. FOR NOW ONLY TRACE AMOUNTS ARE EXPECTED. ONSHORE SURFACE PRESSURE GRADIENTS ARE INCREASING...WITH OVER 12 MBS NOW SAN DIEGO TO TONOPAH. WIND GUSTS HAVE INCREASED TO OVER 30 MPH AT SOME REMOTE SENSORS IN THE MOUNTAINS AND NEAR THE BANNING PASS. WITH THE ADDITIONAL CLOUDS AND STRONGER ONSHORE...MAX TEMPERATURES ARE LIKELY TO BE A FEW DEGREES LOWER AGAIN TOMORROW...ESPECIALLY INLAND. WE ARE STILL ON TRACK FOR MORE CLOUDS...WIND...AND LIGHT PRECIP OVER THE NEXT FEW DAYS AS THE POLAR JET PAYS US ANOTHER EXTENDED VISIT THROUGH WED. EXPECT DAYTIME TEMPS TO BE RUNNING FROM 5 DEGREES BELOW AVERAGE NEAR THE COAST...TO 10 DEGREES LOWER FAR INLAND. IN ADDITION...EXPECT A PROLONGED PERIOD OF STRONG AND GUSTY WINDS OVER THE MOUNTAINS...AND IN PORTIONS OF THE DESERTS...AS THE RIVER OF AIR ABOVE US ACCELERATES. THE MOUNTAINS WILL PUT UP A FIGHT...BUT THE ENERGY WILL STILL BE FELT IN THE FORM OF STRONG UPSLOPE FLOW...FOG...AND LIGHT PRECIPITATION ON THE WINDWARD SIDE... AND GUSTY FITS ON THE LEEWARD SIDE WHICH RESULT IN MOUNTAIN WAVES AND ROTORS IN THE DESERTS. A WIND ADVISORY HAS BEEN ISSUED THROUGH WED...BUT IT MAY HAVE TO BE UPGRADED LATER AS WINDS COULD REACH WARNING CRITERIA BY TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY AS THE CORE OF THE STRONGEST WINDS ALOFT MOVES OVERHEAD. LATER ON WED THROUGH FRI...THE LONG-WAVE TROUGH MOVES ON TO THE EAST STIRRING UP TROUBLE IN THE MIDWEST. IT LEAVES US IN WEAKENING NW FLOW ALOFT FOR IMPROVING WEATHER...BUT STILL RATHER COOL UNTIL THE WEEKEND WHEN WEAK RIDGING AND OFFSHORE HELP TO WARM US UP SLIGHTLY. IN TERMS OF PRECIPITATION...LOOK FOR PERIODS OF LIGHT RAIN OR DRIZZLE...AND FOG ON THE COASTAL SLOPES TONIGHT THROUGH WED. FARTHER WEST TO THE COAST...OTHER THAN PERIODS OF DRIZZLE AND SPRINKLES NIGHT AND MORNING...OUR BEST CHANCE OF MEASURABLE LIGHT RAIN APPEARS TO BE ON TUE INTO EARLY WED. AMOUNTS LOOK TO BE LESS THAN ONE-HALF INCH TOTAL W OF THE MTNS...BUT COULD BE CONSIDERABLY MORE ON THE COASTAL SLOPES AS AMOUNTS ADD UP INTO WED. THE SNOW LEVEL SHOULD FALL TO AROUND 5K FT ON TUE...AND COULD BE AS LOW AS 3500 FEET WED. EVEN THOUGH SNOWFALL MAY NOT BE HEAVY FOR THE RESORT TOWNS...IT COULD BE AT THE HIGHEST ELEVATIONS. IN ANY CASE...THE COMBINATION OF STRONG WINDS AND REDUCED VISIBILITY IN FALLING AND BLOWING SNOW AND FOG...WILL LIKELY MAKE FOR HAZARDOUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS BY TUE AFTERNOON IF NOT SOONER FOR THOSE VENTURING TO OR THROUGH THE MTNS. && .AVIATION... 251830Z...MARINE LAYER CONTINUES TO DEEPEN OVER THE AREA IN RESPONSE TO A STRENGTHENING ONSHORE FLOW AND A EDDY OVER THE COASTAL WATERS. MID MORNING ACARS SOUNDINGS INDICATE THE MARINE LAYER HAD DEEPENED TO AROUND 3000 FEET NEAR KSAN AND SHOULD CONTINUE TO DEEPEN THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. DEPTH COULD REACH 3500 TO 4000 FEET BY EARLY EVENING. BASES SHOULD LIFT AS A RESULT TO AROUND 3000 FEET MSL DURING THE DAY AS WELL. EXPECT BROKEN WITH SOME SCATTERED CONDITIONS INTO THE AFTERNOON BECOMING BROKEN TO OVERCAST BY EARLY EVENING WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS. THE DEEPENING COULD BRING SOME DRIZZLE TO AIRPORTS WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS THIS EVENING AND TONIGHT AS WELL. DEEP MARINE LAYER SHOULD CONTINUE ON MONDAY WITH BASES BETWEEN 2500 AND 3000 FEET AND TOPS TO 5000 FEET. KSAN...KCRQ...KSNA AND KONT...SCATTERED TO BROKEN STRATOCU WITH BASES BASES BETWEEN 3000 AND 3500 FEET MSL THIS AFTERNOON BECOMING BROKEN TO OVERCAST DURING THE EVENING. SOME LIGHT DRIZZLE IS POSSIBLE TONIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING. KPSP...NO CEILING ISSUES BUT FAIRLY STRONG SOUTHWEST TO WEST WINDS OVER THE MOUNTAINS TO THE WEST COULD BRING MOUNTAIN WAVE/ROTOR ACTIVITY TO THE VICINITY OF THE AIRPORT THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH MONDAY. && .SGX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CA...WIND ADVISORY FOR THE THE HIGHER MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS. SEE LAXNPWSGX. PZ...NONE. && $$ PUBLIC...JAD AVIATION/MARINE...HORTON NWS ON THE WEB AT WEATHER.GOV/SANDIEGO
FLORIDA KEYS AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS KEY WEST FL
1015 PM EST MON FEB 26 2007 .DISCUSSION... AS OF 9 PM...SURFACE PRESSURES PLACED A RIDGE AXIS EXTENDING WEST FROM THE ATLANTIC...ACROSS THE NORTHERN BAHAMAS BETWEEN NASSAU AND FREEPORT...THEN TO THE SOUTHERN TIP OF THE FLORIDA PENINSULA. THIS IS A LITTLE FARTHER NORTH THAN WHAT THE GFS MODEL INDICATED FOR THE CURRENT TIME...AND QUITE A BIT FARTHER NORTH THEN FORECAST BY THE NAM MODEL. SURFACE WINDS...AS A RESULT...HAVE BEEN PERSISTING FROM THE SSE OVER KEYS AREAS WELL SOUTH OF THE RIDGE AXIS INSTEAD OF TURNING TO SSW AS EXPECTED. HOWEVER...DESPITE THE SURFACE WINDS... WINDS JUST ABOVE THE SURFACE ARE SSW 15 KT OR SO ACCORDING THE THE CUDJOE KEY WIND PROFILER AND THE KEY WEST EVENING SOUNDING. THE AIRMASS IS MORE MOIST THIS EVENING...WITH PRECIPITABLE WATER MEASURED 1.69 INCHES...AND A WEAK CAP THAT HAD BEEN IN PLACE AROUND 8 THSD FT IS MOSTLY GONE FOR NOW. THE AIRMASS SUPPORTED AFTERNOON SHOWERS AGAIN OVER CUBA...AND EVEN SOME THUNDERSTORMS OFF THE EAST CENTRAL CUBAN COAST. THESE SHOWERS HAVE RECENTLY DISSIPATED AFTER HAVING MOVED NORTHEAST INTO FLORIDA STRAITS WATERS. CURRENTLY... THE RADAR SCOPE IS CLUTTERED BY SOME LEFT-OVER DEPARTING MILITARY CHAFF OVER THE UPPER KEYS...A FEW SMALL SHOWERS OUT IN THE STRAITS... AND A STREAK OF MID CLOUDS (MAYBE WITH VIRGA) MOVING ENE OVER OUR GULF OF MEXICO WATERS. IT`S WARM AND HUMID. TEMPERATURES ARE HOLDING IN THE MID 70S...DEWPOINTS ARE IN THE LOWER 70S. .FORECAST... EVEN THOUGH SHOWERS HAVE WANED AROUND THE REGION...I DON`T PLAN TO UPDATE PUBLIC ZONES. THE EVENING SOUNDING WAS MOIST...AND STABILITY INDEX VALUES INCLUDED SOME RELATIVELY UNSTABLE NUMBERS...K INDEX = 31 AND LIFTED INDEX = MINUS 4. I GUESS MINOR BOUNDARIES ARE STILL CAPABLE OF INITIATION SOME NEW SHOWERS...SO I WILL LEAVE ONGOING 30 PCT POPS INTACT. && .MARINE... THE WEAK SURFACE RIDGE AXIS IS EXPECTED TO SHIFT SOUTH OVER THE KEYS DURING THE NIGHT...SO SURFACE WINDS SHOULD GO CLOSE TO SOUTH OVER THE AREA...MORE LIKE SSW OVER GULF AND FLORIDA BAY WATERS. && .AVIATION... VFR CONDITIONS WILL PREVAIL ALONG THE KMIA-KEYW TWEB ROUTE AND AT THE ISLAND TERMINALS OVERNIGHT. SEVERAL LAYERS OF CLOUDS WILL AFFECT THE ROUTE...WITH AREAS OF CEILINGS AROUND FL060-FL100 AND PREVAILING CEILINGS BETWEEN FL150 AND FL200. POCKETS OF MIST WILL PRODUCE LOCAL MVFR VISIBILITIES OVER THE EVERGLADES IN THE EARLY MORNING HOURS. SURFACE WINDS AT KEYW AND KMTH WILL BE LIGHT AND VARIABLE...PRIMARILY SOUTHEAST AT 6 KT OR LESS. .THIS DATE IN WEATHER HISTORY... ON FEBRUARY 26 1935 ROBERT WATSON-WATT PERFORMED THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL DEMONSTRATION OF HIS AIRCRAFT REMOTE DETECTION SYSTEM (USING RADIO WAVES) NEAR DAVENTRY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. HE WENT ON TO FURTHER DEVELOP THIS SYSTEM AND ON APRIL 2 OF THAT YEAR WAS GRANTED A PATENT FOR "RADAR". THE ENORMOUS VALUE OF AIRCRAFT RADAR IN THE FOLLOWING WORLD WAR WOULD LEAD TO ITS LATER ADAPTATION FOR WEATHER DETECTION...EVENTUALLY EVOLVING INTO THE DOPPLER RADAR SYSTEMS USED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TODAY. && .KEY WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE. $$ PUBLIC/MARINE..........BROCK AVIATION/SHORT TERM....LEE
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
1200 PM CST MON FEB 26 2007 .DISCUSSION... 313 AM CST THE 1500 METER AGL WIND PLOT SHOWS THE CENTER OF THE CIRCULATION OVER EASTERN WISCONSIN BETWEEN SHEBOYGAN AND MILWAUKEE. THE SURFACE LOW WAS OVER MILWAUKEE AT 08 UTC. THE ACARS SOUNDING AT ORD AT 0601 UTC SHOWS SOME VEERING BELOW 1.2 KILOMETERS. THERE IS STILL SOME WARM AIR ADVECTION IN THE LOWEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE. THERE IS SOME AREAS OF LIGHT PATCHY FOG IN THE MORNING. WATER VAPOR LOOP SHOWS THIS CIRCULATION HAS BEEN DRIFTING NORTH. THIS CIRCULATION OR UPPER AIR LOW IS FORECAST TO MOVE NORTH AND JOIN THE CIRCULATION OF A 500 MB LOW CENTERED OVER NEWFOUNDLAND. THAT WILL OCCUR THURSDAY NIGHT. THE SURFACE LOW WILL MOVE INTO MICHIGAN AND SLOWLY DISSIPATE. BY MONDAY EVENING THE LOW LEVEL WIND FROM THE SURFACE TO 1.2 KILOMETER ARE EXPECTED TO BECOME WESTERLY. THIS IS SEEN ON THE LOCAL WRF ARW MODEL FORECAST. THE TEMPERATURE DEWPOINT SPREAD IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN VERY LOW THROUGH THIS EVENING. WE EXPECT THE SKY TO BE OVERCAST WITH A CHANCE OF LIGHT SNOW SHOWERS TODAY. THERE WILL BE SOME FOG THIS MORNING. THERE IS VERY WET SNOW AND WATER ON THE GROUND WILL ADD TO THE LOW LEVEL MOISTURE. A GRADUAL CLEARING OF THE SKY WILL TAKE PLACE TUESDAY AND TUESDAY NIGHT. A HIGH MOVES INTO THE REGION. BOTH THE GFS AND WRF BRING A 500 MB RIDGE INTO ILLINOIS BY EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING. ON THURSDAY A TROUGH MOVES INTO THE GREAT PLAINS WITH A SURFACE CYCLONE IN WESTERN MISSOURI. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE ON THURSDAY IS EXPECTED TO CLIMB INTO THE MIDDLE 40S. THERE WILL BE RAIN ON THURSDAY AS THE CYCLONE MOVES INTO IOWA. THIS CYCLONE WILL MOVE INTO WISCONSIN BY FRIDAY MORNING. THE CURRENT FORECAST REFLECTS THIS SYNOPTIC TREND THROUGH THE WEEK. ONLY MADE SOME MINOR ADJUSTMENTS ON THE TEMPERATURE FORECAST AND WEATHER FORECAST. && .AVIATION DISCUSSION REGARDING 18Z TAFS... 1200 PM CST SLUGGISH LO PRES AREA OVR SRN LK MI WILL DRIFT SLOWLY EWD THRU PERIOD. WRAP ARND STRATUS/STRATO CU DECK HAS LIFTED INTO LOW MVFR RANGE. EXPECT THAT THIS WILL RMN GENLY UNCHANGED THROUGH TNGT AS RGN RMNS IN RATHER TIGHT CYCLONIC TURNING AND MEAN RH CROSS SECTIONS SUGGEST MOIST LY WILL RMN TRAPPED BY INVERSION ALF AND WEAK LLVL FLOW. SATLT LOOPS DO SHOW LARGE AREA OF CLRG OVR IA BUT THIS SHOULD WORK ESEWD TO S OF TERMINALS. WILL IMPROVE CIGS TO VFR TUE MRNG AS UPR LO PULLS AWAY AND SOME DIURNAL IMPROVEMENT TAKES PLACE. CURRENT RADAR LOOPS SHOW AREA OF LGT SNOW LIFTG ENEWD ACRS EXTRM NRN IL. THIS TREND WILL CONT THIS AFTN SO WILL JUST HAVE SOME MVFR VIS TO START OUT THIS AFTN. SATLT LOOPS ALSO CONFIRM A WEAK UPR LVL DSTBC SHEARING EWD ACRS SRN WI THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INCREASED SNO COVG. OVCE THIS PASSES THRU THREAT OF ANY RESTRICTIONS DUE TO VIS SHOULD END. WINDS WILL RMN WLY-WNWLY THRU PERIOD. SPEED IN 10-15 KT RANGE THIS AFTN TO DMNSH TO BLO 10 KTS BY SS. MERZLOCK && .LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...NONE. .IN...NONE. .LM...NONE. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
1155 AM CST SUN FEB 25 2007 .MORNING UPDATE... 824 AM CST... QUICK UPDATE THIS MORNING TO DROP THE WINTER STORM WARNING AS TEMPS HAVE WARMED INTO THE MID/UPPER 30S ALONG WITH LIGHT/MODERATE RAIN ACROSS THE AREA. LEFT THIS AFTERNOON ALONE AS HAVEN/T HAD MUCH TIME TO LOOK AT THE REST OF THE DAY BUT SUSPECT PRECIP TYPE TO BE MAINLY RAIN THRU THE AFTERNOON THOUGH SOME LIGHT SNOW BY EVENING IS POSSIBLE. THUS MAY NEED TO PULL SNOW ACCUMULATIONS FOR THIS AFTERNOON WITH LATE MORNING UPDATE. CMS && .DISCUSSION... 525 AM CST... THE LOW WAS OVER CENTRAL IOWA AT 09 UTC. ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE AND WIND ON THE SURFACE SHOWS SOME WARM AIR ADVECTION INTO FORECAST AREA OF NORTH CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST ILLINOIS AND NORTHWEST INDIANA. THE RADAR AND SATELLITE IR PICTURES SHOW THE DRY SLOT OVER ILLINOIS AND INDIANA. THERE IS AN AREA OF SHOWERS MOVING INTO CENTRAL ILLINOIS AT 10 UTC. THE LATEST ACARS SOUNDING SHOW THE WARMEST LAYER OVER ROCKFORD IS FROM 918 TO 841 MB AND IS JUST BELOW FREEZING. THE WARMEST LAYER OVER ORD WAS 886 TO 856 MB AND JUST ABOVE FREEZING. THE FORECAST FROM THE GFS MODEL SHOWS THE 500 MB CLOSED CIRCULATION OVER NORTHERN ILLINOIS BY 00 UTC MONDAY. THERE IS ENOUGH POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION TO CREATE ENOUGH LIFT FOR SHOWERS TODAY AND TONIGHT. THE SURFACE LOW IS FORECAST TO FILL AND MOVE INTO MICHIGAN. COLDER AIR WILL RETURN TO THE FORECAST AREA TONIGHT. WE WILL FORECAST A CHANCE OF LIGHT SNOW TONIGHT FOR THE FORECAST AREA. WE WILL CANCEL THE ICE WARNING. THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE HAVE RISEN TO THE MIDDLE AND UPPER 30S. A LOT IS EXPECTED TO MELT TODAY. THERE WILL STILL BE SOME FREEZING DRIZZLE...SLEET AND RAIN IN THE NORTHERN THIRD OF OUR CWA. ISENTROPIC LIFT WITH POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION WILL PROVIDE THE UPWARD VERTICAL MOTION FOR THE PRECIPITATION. DID NOT MAKE MANY CHANGE FOR THE REST OF THE WEEK. THE CLOSED UPPER AIR CIRCULATION REMAINS OVER WISCONSIN UNTIL TUESDAY. THEN ON WEDNESDAY A 500 MB RIDGE MOVES INTO ILLINOIS. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE MAY REACH THE MID 40S. THE CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION WILL EXIST DUE TO THE WARM AIR RETURNING AND OVERRUNNING AND THEN ANOTHER LARGE TROUGH APPROACHES ILLINOIS AND INDIANA THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. THIS WILL RESULT IN A CHANCE OR PRECIPITATION BOTH DAYS. && .AVIATION DISCUSSION FOR 18Z TAFS... 1155 AM CST 993 SFC LOW LOCATED JUST NORTH OF THE QUAD CITIES AT 17Z WILL WITH A WARM FRONT EXTENDING ESE ACROSS NRN IL INTO NRN IN. THE LOW WILL CONTINUE TO DRIFT SLOWLY ENE THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT AND WEAKEN IN RESPONSE TO FILLING UPPER LEVEL LOW. POSITION OF MID LEVEL LOW VERY APPARENT IN WSR-88D DATA OVER NRN IL SLOWLY LIFTING NORTH WITH ASSOCIATED UPPER LEVEL VORTICITY LOBE. NEXT IMPULSE ROTATING AROUND THE PARENT LOW OVER IA RESPONSIBLE FOR NEXT WAVE OF PRECIP/RADAR ECHO RETURNS CURRENTLY SHOWING UP OVER CNTRL IL HEADED NE. EXPECT PRECIPITATION TYPE TO CHANGE BACK FROM RAIN TO A MIX OF RAIN/SNOW AND THEN SNOW AS COLD AIR ADVECTS SE WITH THE LOW. 850 MB (1500 KFT) TEMPS COOL TO -7 TO -8 DEG C BY 00Z ACROSS THE AREA WITH ENTIRE TEMP PROFILE COOLING TO BELOW 0 DEC C PER FORECAST SOUNDINGS. MAY SEE A BRIEF PERIOD OF SLEET MIXED IN AS COOLING TAKES OVER BUT THIS SHOULD BE BRIEF. VISIBILITIES TO REMAIN LOW MVFR OR HIGH IFR NEXT HOUR OR TWO AS LOW AND ASSOCIATED WARM FRONT APPROACHES AND FLOW REMAINS E-SE. AS SFC AND BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW TURNS MORE S AND THEN SW EXPECT VISIBILITIES TO IMPROVE SLIGHTLY BEFORE SNOW COMMENCES. THIS PERIOD WILL BE BRIEF... AND NON-EXISTENT IN LOCATIONS WHERE THE WINDS VEER WHEN OR AFTER THE SNOW SPREADS IN. INTERMITTENT LIGHT SNOW WILL CONTINUE TONIGHT INTO EARLY MONDAY... WITH SNOW ACCUMULATIONS FROM 1-2 INCHES. IFR CIGS WILL PERSIST THROUGH 15Z MONDAY. ED F && .LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...NONE. .IN...NONE. .LM...GALE WRNG IN EFFECT NORTH HALF OF LM THROUGH 03Z. SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FOR IL AND IN NEARSHORE WATERS UNTIL 04Z. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
824 AM CST SUN FEB 25 2007 .MORNING UPDATE... QUICK UPDATE THIS MORNING TO DROP THE WINTER STORM WARNING AS TEMPS HAVE WARMED INTO THE MID/UPPER 30S ALONG WITH LIGHT/MODERATE RAIN ACROSS THE AREA. LEFT THIS AFTERNOON ALONE AS HAVEN/T HAD MUCH TIME TO LOOK AT THE REST OF THE DAY BUT SUSPECT PRECIP TYPE TO BE MAINLY RAIN THRU THE AFTERNOON THOUGH SOME LIGHT SNOW BY EVENING IS POSSIBLE. THUS MAY NEED TO PULL SNOW ACCUMULATIONS FOR THIS AFTERNOON WITH LATE MORNING UPDATE. CMS && .DISCUSSION... THE LOW WAS OVER CENTRAL IOWA AT 09 UTC. ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE AND WIND ON THE SURFACE SHOWS SOME WARM AIR ADVECTION INTO FORECAST AREA OF NORTH CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST ILLINOIS AND NORTHWEST INDIANA. THE RADAR AND SATELLITE IR PICTURES SHOW THE DRY SLOT OVER ILLINOIS AND INDIANA. THERE IS AN AREA OF SHOWERS MOVING INTO CENTRAL ILLINOIS AT 10 UTC. THE LATEST ACARS SOUNDING SHOW THE WARMEST LAYER OVER ROCKFORD IS FROM 918 TO 841 MB AND IS JUST BELOW FREEZING. THE WARMEST LAYER OVER ORD WAS 886 TO 856 MB AND JUST ABOVE FREEZING. THE FORECAST FROM THE GFS MODEL SHOWS THE 500 MB CLOSED CIRCULATION OVER NORTHERN ILLINOIS BY 00 UTC MONDAY. THERE IS ENOUGH POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION TO CREATE ENOUGH LIFT FOR SHOWERS TODAY AND TONIGHT. THE SURFACE LOW IS FORECAST TO FILL AND MOVE INTO MICHIGAN. COLDER AIR WILL RETURN TO THE FORECAST AREA TONIGHT. WE WILL FORECAST A CHANCE OF LIGHT SNOW TONIGHT FOR THE FORECAST AREA. WE WILL CANCEL THE ICE WARNING. THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE HAVE RISEN TO THE MIDDLE AND UPPER 30S. A LOT IS EXPECTED TO MELT TODAY. THERE WILL STILL BE SOME FREEZING DRIZZLE...SLEET AND RAIN IN THE NORTHERN THIRD OF OUR CWA. ISENTROPIC LIFT WITH POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION WILL PROVIDE THE UPWARD VERTICAL MOTION FOR THE PRECIPITATION. DID NOT MAKE MANY CHANGE FOR THE REST OF THE WEEK. THE CLOSED UPPER AIR CIRCULATION REMAINS OVER WISCONSIN UNTIL TUESDAY. THEN ON WEDNESDAY A 500 MB RIDGE MOVES INTO ILLINOIS. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE MAY REACH THE MID 40S. THE CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION WILL EXIST DUE TO THE WARM AIR RETURNING AND OVERRUNNING AND THEN ANOTHER LARGE TROUGH APPROACHES ILLINOIS AND INDIANA THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. THIS WILL RESULT IN A CHANCE OR PRECIPITATION BOTH DAYS. && .AVIATION DISCUSSION FOR 12Z TAFS... 545 AM CST THE CENTER OF THE MAJOR WINTER STORM SYSTEM MOVING TO THE ENE FROM SERN IOWA...AND THRU NRN ILLINOIS TODAY. THIS WILL PROVIDE DIFFICULTIES FOR THE WIND DIRECTION FORECAST AS THE PATH OF THE SFC LOW WILL BE RIGHT OVER THE TAF SITES TODAY. HAVE GONE WITH WINDS STARTING OUT SELY AND GRADUALLY SHIFTING SLY AND THEN WLY THIS EVENING WITH THE CENTER OF THE LOW PASSING TO THE NORTH OF THE TAF SITE. WINDS WL REMAIN ARND 15KT TODAY WITH FREQUENT GUSTS TO 20-25KT DURG THE LATE MORNING AND AFTERNOON HRS. WIND SPEEDS WL DROP OFF AS THE LOW CENTER PASSES OVER NRN IL AND THEN PICK UP AGAIN AND TURN MORE NWLY LATE IN THE PD. RFD WL SEE THE WIND SHIFT TO NWLY BY AROUND MIDNIGHT AND THE OTHER SITES A LITTLE LATER. LATEST SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS THE REGION BEING DRY SLOTTED AT MID LEVELS...BUT LOW LEVEL CLOUDINESS IS HANGING IN OVER THE AREA WITH CIGS AT OR JUST SLIGHTLY ABV IFR LEVELS. MOISTURE PROFILES SHOW NEAR SATURATION AND ABV FREEZING TEMPS THROUGH THE LOWER LAYERS... WOULD EXPECT ANY PCPN FOR THE FIRST FEW HRS OF THE TAF PD TO BE DZ. THOUGH CIGS ARE JUST ABV IFR AT SOME LOCATIONS...EXPECT THIS WILL NOT LAST LONG AND IFR CIGS WL BE WIDESPREAD BY LATE MORNING. CIGS WILL LIKELY DROP TO LOW IFR BY LATE AFTERNOON AND REMAIN THERE OVERNIGHT. DO NOT EXPECT ANY IMPROVEMENT IN THE CIGS TODAY. LATEST RADAR IMAGERY SHOWS ANOTHER AREA OF RAIN APPCHG NCNTRL IL AND WILL BE INTO NERN IL BY ARND NOON. WITH DYNAMIC COOLING AND ENHANCED DYNAMICS ASSD WITH THE APCHG UPPER LOW...THE RAIN WILL LIKELY BE MIXED WITH SNOW. PCPN SHUD TURN OVER TO ALL SNOW BY LATE AFTN/EARLY EVENING AS THE SYSTEM PASSES OVERHEAD. ICING AND TURBULENCE WILL BE FREQ HAZARDS ALSO TO CONTEND WITH AS WELL ACROSS AREA. KREIN && .LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...NONE. .IN...NONE. .LM...GALE WRNG ALL LM AND NR SHORES THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
545 AM CST SUN FEB 25 2007 .DISCUSSION... THE LOW WAS OVER CENTRAL IOWA AT 09 UTC. ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE AND WIND ON THE SURFACE SHOWS SOME WARM AIR ADVECTION INTO FORECAST AREA OF NORTH CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST ILLINOIS AND NORTHWEST INDIANA. THE RADAR AND SATELLITE IR PICTURES SHOW THE DRY SLOT OVER ILLINOIS AND INDIANA. THERE IS AN AREA OF SHOWERS MOVING INTO CENTRAL ILLINOIS AT 10 UTC. THE LATEST ACARS SOUNDING SHOW THE WARMEST LAYER OVER ROCKFORD IS FROM 918 TO 841 MB AND IS JUST BELOW FREEZING. THE WARMEST LAYER OVER ORD WAS 886 TO 856 MB AND JUST ABOVE FREEZING. THE FORECAST FROM THE GFS MODEL SHOWS THE 500 MB CLOSED CIRCULATION OVER NORTHERN ILLINOIS BY 00 UTC MONDAY. THERE IS ENOUGH POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION TO CREATE ENOUGH LIFT FOR SHOWERS TODAY AND TONIGHT. THE SURFACE LOW IS FORECAST TO FILL AND MOVE INTO MICHIGAN. COLDER AIR WILL RETURN TO THE FORECAST AREA TONIGHT. WE WILL FORECAST A CHANCE OF LIGHT SNOW TONIGHT FOR THE FORECAST AREA. WE WILL CANCEL THE ICE WARNING. THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE HAVE RISEN TO THE MIDDLE AND UPPER 30S. A LOT IS EXPECTED TO MELT TODAY. THERE WILL STILL BE SOME FREEZING DRIZZLE...SLEET AND RAIN IN THE NORTHERN THIRD OF OUR CWA. ISENTROPIC LIFT WITH POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION WILL PROVIDE THE UPWARD VERTICAL MOTION FOR THE PRECIPITATION. DID NOT MAKE MANY CHANGE FOR THE REST OF THE WEEK. THE CLOSED UPPER AIR CIRCULATION REMAINS OVER WISCONSIN UNTIL TUESDAY. THEN ON WEDNESDAY A 500 MB RIDGE MOVES INTO ILLINOIS. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE MAY REACH THE MID 40S. THE CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION WILL EXIST DUE TO THE WARM AIR RETURNING AND OVERRUNNING AND THEN ANOTHER LARGE TROUGH APPROACHES ILLINOIS AND INDIANA THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. THIS WILL RESULT IN A CHANCE OR PRECIPITATION BOTH DAYS. && .AVIATION DISCUSSION FOR 12Z TAFS... 545 AM CST THE CENTER OF THE MAJOR WINTER STORM SYSTEM MOVING TO THE ENE FROM SERN IOWA...AND THRU NRN ILLINOIS TODAY. THIS WILL PROVIDE DIFFICULTIES FOR THE WIND DIRECTION FORECAST AS THE PATH OF THE SFC LOW WILL BE RIGHT OVER THE TAF SITES TODAY. HAVE GONE WITH WINDS STARTING OUT SELY AND GRADUALLY SHIFTING SLY AND THEN WLY THIS EVENING WITH THE CENTER OF THE LOW PASSING TO THE NORTH OF THE TAF SITE. WINDS WL REMAIN ARND 15KT TODAY WITH FREQUENT GUSTS TO 20-25KT DURG THE LATE MORNING AND AFTERNOON HRS. WIND SPEEDS WL DROP OFF AS THE LOW CENTER PASSES OVER NRN IL AND THEN PICK UP AGAIN AND TURN MORE NWLY LATE IN THE PD. RFD WL SEE THE WIND SHIFT TO NWLY BY AROUND MIDNIGHT AND THE OTHER SITES A LITTLE LATER. LATEST SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS THE REGION BEING DRY SLOTTED AT MID LEVELS...BUT LOW LEVEL CLOUDINESS IS HANGING IN OVER THE AREA WITH CIGS AT OR JUST SLIGHTLY ABV IFR LEVELS. MOISTURE PROFILES SHOW NEAR SATURATION AND ABV FREEZING TEMPS THROUGH THE LOWER LAYERS... WOULD EXPECT ANY PCPN FOR THE FIRST FEW HRS OF THE TAF PD TO BE DZ. THOUGH CIGS ARE JUST ABV IFR AT SOME LOCATIONS...EXPECT THIS WILL NOT LAST LONG AND IFR CIGS WL BE WIDESPREAD BY LATE MORNING. CIGS WILL LIKELY DROP TO LOW IFR BY LATE AFTERNOON AND REMAIN THERE OVERNIGHT. DO NOT EXPECT ANY IMPROVEMENT IN THE CIGS TODAY. LATEST RADAR IMAGERY SHOWS ANOTHER AREA OF RAIN APPCHG NCNTRL IL AND WILL BE INTO NERN IL BY ARND NOON. WITH DYNAMIC COOLING AND ENHANCED DYNAMICS ASSD WITH THE APCHG UPPER LOW...THE RAIN WILL LIKELY BE MIXED WITH SNOW. PCPN SHUD TURN OVER TO ALL SNOW BY LATE AFTN/EARLY EVENING AS THE SYSTEM PASSES OVERHEAD. ICING AND TURBULENCE WILL BE FREQ HAZARDS ALSO TO CONTEND WITH AS WELL ACROSS AREA. KREIN && .LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...WINTER STORM WARNING NORTH AND WEST OF COOK-LASALLE CNTY LINE THROUGH NOON SUN .IN...NONE. .LM...GALE WRNG ALL LM AND NR SHORES THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
340 AM CST SUN FEB 25 2007 .DISCUSSION... THE LOW WAS OVER CENTRAL IOWA AT 09 UTC. ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE AND WIND ON THE SURFACE SHOWS SOME WARM AIR ADVECTION INTO FORECAST AREA OF NORTH CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST ILLINOIS AND NORTHWEST INDIANA. THE RADAR AND SATELLITE IR PICTURES SHOW THE DRY SLOT OVER ILLINOIS AND INDIANA. THERE IS AN AREA OF SHOWERS MOVING INTO CENTRAL ILLINOIS AT 10 UTC. THE LATEST ACARS SOUNDING SHOW THE WARMEST LAYER OVER ROCKFORD IS FROM 918 TO 841 MB AND IS JUST BELOW FREEZING. THE WARMEST LAYER OVER ORD WAS 886 TO 856 MB AND JUST ABOVE FREEZING. THE FORECAST FROM THE GFS MODEL SHOWS THE 500 MB CLOSED CIRCULATION OVER NORTHERN ILLINOIS BY 00 UTC MONDAY. THERE IS ENOUGH POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION TO CREATE ENOUGH LIFT FOR SHOWERS TODAY AND TONIGHT. THE SURFACE LOW IS FORECAST TO FILL AND MOVE INTO MICHIGAN. COLDER AIR WILL RETURN TO THE FORECAST AREA TONIGHT. WE WILL FORECAST A CHANCE OF LIGHT SNOW TONIGHT FOR THE FORECAST AREA. WE WILL CANCEL THE ICE WARNING. THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE HAVE RISEN TO THE MIDDLE AND UPPER 30S. A LOT IS EXPECTED TO MELT TODAY. THERE WILL STILL BE SOME FREEZING DRIZZLE...SLEET AND RAIN IN THE NORTHERN THIRD OF OUR CWA. ISENTROPIC LIFT WITH POSITIVE VORTICITY ADVECTION WILL PROVIDE THE UPWARD VERTICAL MOTION FOR THE PRECIPITATION. DID NOT MAKE MANY CHANGE FOR THE REST OF THE WEEK. THE CLOSED UPPER AIR CIRCULATION REMAINS OVER WISCONSIN UNTIL TUESDAY. THEN ON WEDNESDAY A 500 MB RIDGE MOVES INTO ILLINOIS. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE MAY REACH THE MID 40S. THE CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION WILL EXIST DUE TO THE WARM AIR RETURNING AND OVERRUNNING AND THEN ANOTHER LARGE TROUGH APPROACHES ILLINOIS AND INDIANA THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. THIS WILL RESULT IN A CHANCE OR PRECIPITATION BOTH DAYS. && .AVIATION... 1055 PM CST MAJOR WINTER STORM SYSTEM MOVING NE FROM THE CNTRL PLAINS INTO NRN IL BY AFTN SUNDAY. PLENTY OF GULF MSTR MOVING THIS WAY AND OVERRUNNING WARM FNT. RAIN FALLING FROM WARM LAYER TO ENTRENCHED FRZN LAYER RESULTING IN FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET WITH SNOW MORE PREVALENT NORTH. AS WARM LAYER INTRUDES OVERHEAD RFD AND ORD...SNOW CUD MIX OR CHANGE TEMPORARILY TO SLEET OR FRZG RAIN OVERNIGHT. DAYTIME WARMING SUNDAY AT SFC MAY ALLOW JUST RAINFALL IF WARM LAYER REMAINS INTACT OVERHEAD. HOWEVER DURING AFTN...COLD WRAPARND TEMPS UNDERCUTTING AND WEAKENING UPR LOW AND PROBLY RETURNING OR BECOMING ALL SNOW BY END OF DAY. IFR CIGS AND VSBY WILL BE FREQUENTLY IN THE TEMPO GROUP IF NOT PREDOMINANT NEXT 24 HRS. ICING AND TURBULENCE WILL BE FREQ HAZARDS ALSO TO CONTEND WITH ACROSS AREA. IF EVER A DAY TO THINK HARD ABOUT NOT FLYING...THIS IS IT. RLB && .LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...WINTER STORM WARNING NORTH AND WEST OF COOK-LASALLE CNTY LINE THROUGH NOON SUN .IN...NONE. .LM...GALE WRNG ALL LM AND NR SHORES THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
1055 PM CST SAT FEB 24 2007 .UPDATE... 855 PM CST UPDATED THE GRIDS AND ZONES TO ACCOUNT FOR NEW LAYOUT TO WINTER STORM WARNING VS. ICE STORM WARNING. BURST OF HVY SNOW WITH RATES OF 1 TO 2 INCHES PER HR OCCURRING WITH BAND NOW MOVING ACROSS FAR N AND NW SUBURBS OF CHICAGO. MIXED BAG OF LIGHTER SN AND FREEZING RAIN BEHIND THIS...THOUGH PRECIP IS MAINLY FREEZING RAIN OVR NW INDY. TEMPS WARM AS DEEP LOW NOW NR KANSAS CITY PUMPS WARM MOIST AIR NWD INTO NRN IL/NW INDY. PRECIP SHOULD TRANSITION FROM A MIX WHICH IS PREDOMINANTLY SNOW NOW...TO MORE OF A SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN SITUATION BY EARLY MORNING AS ELEVATED WARM LAYER AROUND H9 SURGES TO 2-3C ABV FREEZING. HANDEL && .DISCUSSION AFTERNOON FORECAST STRONG RAPIDLY OCCLUDING LOW OVER CENTRAL KANSAS DESTINED TO MOVE TOWARD NRN ILL LATER SUN AND MON BUT BE FILLING OVER TIME. INITIAL CONCERN HOWEVER IS APPROACHING BAND OF RAIN THROUGH CENTRAL ILL. SFC TEMPS ACROSS FCST AREA HAVE INCHED TOWARD 30-32F TODAY BUT HAVE STRONG CONCERNS ABOUT CONTINUING FEED OF DRY AIR FROM EAST. ONCE PRECIP FALLS INTO THIS ZONE THE WET BULB TEMP WILL BE REACHED WHICH IS WELL BELOW 32F. THUS ANY PROGRESS IN WARMING TODAY WILL BE OFFSET BY EVAP COOLING MUCH LESS DARKNESS. FOCUS OF APPROACHING PRECIP AREA APPEARS TO BE SINKING TOWARD THE OHIO VALLEY BUT MODELS SUGGEST VERY STRONG WARMING ALOFT WITH MARKED VEERING SIGNATURE IN MODEL AND ACARS WIND FIELDS. THIS SHOULD FORCE A PERIOD OF STEADY POTENTIALLY MODERATE RAIN FOR A FEW HOURS THIS EVENING BEFORE AREA IS OVER RUN BY A DEVELOPING DRY SLOT /ALOFT/ FROM SW. TIMIMG STILL ON TRACK FOR MAIN EVENT BETWEEN 00Z AND 06Z THIS EVENING. SOME MIX OF PRECIP IS LKLY MAINLY SLEET OVER SRN AND CENTRAL FCST AREA WITH SNOW AND SLEET FURTHER N ALONG THE WISCONSIN BORDER. ANY SNOW AMOUNTS WILL BE HELD DOWN BY PRECIP MIX. WITH LOW TRACKING OVERHEAD LATER SUN AND MON AIRMASS WITH COOL AND LINGERING PRECIP WILL BE TURNED TO SNOW. CANT RULE OUT AREAS OF LIGHT SNOW ACCUMULATION MAINLY SUNDAY NIGHT AND MONDAY AS UNDERMINED IMPULSES PIVOT AROUND DECAYING SYSTEM. IT WILL BE MID WEEK BEFORE SUSTAINED CLEARING OCCURS. UPPER AIR PATTERN SHOWS THE APPROACHING LOW RUNNING HEAD LONG INTO A TEMPORARY BLOCKING PATTERN WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR THE SLUGGISH RETREAT. HOWEVER THIS SITUATION WONT LAST LONG AND ANOTHER SIMILAR HIGH AMPLITUDE TROUGH FCST TO SWING THROUGH THE AREA ABOUT THUR-FRI. THIS TIME NO ICE. NEXT 12HRS WILL BE CRITICAL FOR FORECAST AREA. GIVEN EXPECTATION OF SUBFREEZING SFC TEMPS THROUGH AT LEAST THE FIST PART OF THE NIGHT AND POTENTIAL INTENSITY OF RAIN THE COURSE OF LEAST REGRET DICTATES AN ICE STORM WARNING FOR THE CENTRAL 2/3 OF FCST AREA WITH A WINTER STORM WARNING ALONG THE WISC BORDER...MAINLY FOR SNOW AND SLEET SOME FRZG RAIN. SOUTHERN THIRD OF AREA WILL CONTINUE A FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY. ALL ARE 6PM THIS EVENING TO 6AM SUNDAY. EXPECT MOST INTENSE PRECIPITATION DURING FIRST 6HRS THIS EVENING. DRYING ALOFT LATER IN THE NIGHT MAY REDUCE PRECIP TO DRIZZLE. THRESHOLD FOR ICE STORM IS QUARTER INCH OF ICE AND WITH EXPECTED INTENSITY OF RAIN THIS LEVEL MAY BE REACHED IN MANY SPOTS. TEMPS COULD STRUGGLE ABOVE FREEZING LATER TONIGHT IN WARNING AREA...AND LIKELY BE IN LOW TO MID 30S ON BY SUNDAY AFTERNOON. THIS IS ONE OF THE MORE CHALLENGING FCST SITUATIONS OF RECENT MEMORY. KML && .AVIATION... 1055 PM CST MAJOR WINTER STORM SYSTEM MOVING NE FROM THE CNTRL PLAINS INTO NRN IL BY AFTN SUNDAY. PLENTY OF GULF MSTR MOVING THIS WAY AND OVERRUNNING WARM FNT. RAIN FALLING FROM WARM LAYER TO ENTRENCHED FRZN LAYER RESULTING IN FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET WITH SNOW MORE PREVALENT NORTH. AS WARM LAYER INTRUDES OVERHEAD RFD AND ORD...SNOW CUD MIX OR CHANGE TEMPORARILY TO SLEET OR FRZG RAIN OVERNIGHT. DAYTIME WARMING SUNDAY AT SFC MAY ALLOW JUST RAINFALL IF WARM LAYER REMAINS INTACT OVERHEAD. HOWEVER DURING AFTN...COLD WRAPARND TEMPS UNDERCUTTING AND WEAKENING UPR LOW AND PROBLY RETURNING OR BECOMING ALL SNOW BY END OF DAY. IFR CIGS AND VSBY WILL BE FREQUENTLY IN THE TEMPO GROUP IF NOT PREDOMINANT NEXT 24 HRS. ICING AND TURBULENCE WILL BE FREQ HAZARDS ALSO TO CONTEND WITH ACROSS AREA. IF EVER A DAY TO THINK HARD ABOUT NOT FLYING...THIS IS IT. RLB && .LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... .IL...WINTER STORM WARNING NORTH AND WEST OF COOK-LASALLE CNTY LINE THROUGH NOON SUN ICE STORM WARNING IROQUOIS-FORD-LIVINGSTON-KANKAKEE TIL 6AM SUN .IN...ICE STORM WARNING TIL 6AM CST /7AM EST/ SUN. .LM...GALE WRNG ALL LM AND NR SHORES THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS NORTHERN INDIANA
115 AM EST SUN FEB 25 2007 ...DESTRUCTIVE ICE STORM TONIGHT... .AVIATION... CONTINUED SIG SFC ICING ACROSS NRN INDIANA THROUGH EARLY AM HOURS. STRONG 300K ISENT LIFT WITH ABUNDANT MOISTURE TAP INTO 4-5.5 G/KG AIR ALONG OHIO RIVER. SHARP BAROCLINIC ZONE JUST TO SOUTH ONLY SLOWLY WORKING NORTHEAST NEXT FEW HOURS WITH STRONG BACKED ERLY FLOW TO KEEP PTYPE PREDOMINANTLY ZR AND IP. PRECIP INTENSITY TO DECREASE BETWEEN 08-10 UTC AS BEST LLJ/ISENT UPGLIDE VEERS INTO UPPER OHIO RIVER VALLEY COINCIDENT WITH ARRIVAL OF DRY SLOT CURRENTLY OVER CENTRAL IL AND SUBSEQUENT RAPID DECREASE OF MOISTURE DEPTH. AT KFWA BL WARMS SUFFICIENTLY FOR LIQUID PTYPE BY DAYBREAK AND A FEW HOURS LATER AT KSBN. GREATER MOISTURE DEPTH AT KSBN TO ALLOW FOR PERIODS OF ICE NUCLEATION FOR LIGHT MIX OF DZ AND SN AT TIMES. CIGS TO LOWER TO AT LEAST IFR WITH INCREASED MOISTURE TRANSPORT AS LL WINDS VEER AND WEAKEN CONSIDERABLY AS STACKED CYCLONE OCCLUDES/WEAKENS. && .UPDATE... TREMENDOUS ICE STORM IN PROGRESS ACRS SRN CWA ATTM W/REPORTS OF HEAVY ICING ALREADY W/SOME POWER OUTAGES FM VALPO TO MONTICELLO TO PERU. DEEP LAYERED CYCLONE OVR NE KS WILL SLOWLY EDGE EWD OVERNIGHT AND BACK LL FLW FURTHER. DEEP LOW/MID LVL MSTR PLUME ACRS IL/SW IN WILL SHIFT EWD AND AIDE NEWD EXPANSION OF FZRA AND SLEET INITIALLY AND THEN GIVING WAY TO MAINLY FZRA AFT 05Z SW HALF PER 00Z RUC AND RECENT TAMDAR SOUNDING OUT OF KFWA. EXCEPTION MAY BE FAR NE WHERE DEEPEST LL COLD AIR RESIDES AND EXPECT SNOW SLEET MIX THERE CHANGING TO MAINLY FZRA LATE. SFC OBS/RADAR INDICATE FM .1-.2 INCH PER HOUR ICE ACCRETION RATES WILL CONT THROUGH 09Z. TOP END ICE ACCUMULATIONS MAY END UP HIGHER THEN GOING 3/4 MENTION IN WSW/ZFP BUT CLOSE. SRN CWA WILL CONT TO SLOWLY WARM TO ABV FREEZING AS SFC WINDS BACK W/MID 30S NOTED NOW ACRS CNTRL INDIANA. WILL WAIT FOR THAT TO HAPPEN BFR MAKING ANY DECISION ON SCALING BACK GOING WARNINGS. WILL CONT TO MONITOR BUT SO FAR FCST PLAYING OUT AS XPCD W/NO EARLY UPDATES PLANNED AT THIS TIME. && .SHORT TERM... SHORT/DELAYED DISCUSSION DUE TO MULTIPLE ISSUES. SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN HAS BEEN SLOWLY OVERSPREADING ILLINOIS MUCH OF THE DAY. SOME LOCATIONS IN WESTERN ILLINOIS HAVE ALREADY REPORTED UPWARDS OF A HALF INCH OF ICE. OVER THE PAST HOUR THE AREA OF PRECIP HAS ACCELERATED NE AND HAS REACHED WHITE COUNTY WITH A MIXTURE OF SLEET AND RAIN. WARMER SFC TEMPERATURES ALREADY POISED TO MOVE INTO FAR SOUTHWEST COUNTIES POSSIBLY BY THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT FORECAST AS A RESULT...REQUIRING EXPANDING THE ICE STORM WARNING FURTHER NORTH TO ALONG AND SOUTH OF US 6. ICE ACCUMULATIONS OF ONE HALF TO THREE QUARTERS OF AN INCH OR MORE ARE EXPECTED...ESPECIALLY ACROSS THE NORTHERN HALF OF THE ICE STORM WARNING AREA. WHILE ACCUMULATIONS WILL BE HEAVY FURTHER SOUTH...TEMPS POSSIBLY CLIMBING ABOVE FREEZING WILL ALLOW A STOP TO THE ACCUMULATION OF ICE. EXACTLY WHEN THIS OCCURS REMAINS IN QUESTION...HENCE NO CHANGES TO THE WARNING. FURTHER NORTH...MIXTURE OF SNOW...SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN WILL CAUSE LOTS OF PROBLEMS. ICE ACCUMS OF UP TO QUARTER INCH AS WELL AS SLEET UP TO ONE HALF INCH ARE EXPECTED TONIGHT. IF TREND CONTINUES ON WARMER AIR BEING DRAWN NORTH...THEN SIGNIFICANT ICING COULD ALSO OCCUR ACROSS THE WINTER STORM WARNING AREA. ON SUNDAY...GRIDS CHANGED TO REFLECT THE WARMER AIR ARRIVING WITH EITHER RAIN OR RAIN/SNOW EVENTUALLY DOMINATING SOUTHERN QUARTER TO HALF OF CWA. WILL LEAVE REST OF DETAILS TO LATER SHIFTS. && .LONG TERM... SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY... FORECAST PERIOD BEGINS WITH STACKED SYSTEM OVER THE AREA. MODELS DIFFERING ON EXACT PLACEMENT WITH NAM FURTHER WEST BACK OVER IOWA AND ILLINOIS SUNDAY NIGHT AND GFS OVER SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES. MODEL SOUNDINGS INDICATING SE CWA MAY SEE BRIEF PERIOD OF LIQUID PRECIP IN THE EVENING BEFORE CHANGING TO SNOW OTHERWISE GOING FORECAST OF SNOW REST OF CWA LOOKS GOOD. STACKED SYSTEM REMAINS OVER THE AREA MONDAY...NOT LOOKING FOR MUCH DIURNAL CHANGE IN TEMPS SO WILL KEEP HIGHS NEAR FREEZING OVER CWA...COLUMN SATURATED THROUGH 700MB AND SUFFICIENTLY COLD TO SUPPORT ICE PRODUCTION AT CLOUD LEVEL SO SHOULD BE ALL SNOW EVEN IF SOME LOCATIONS MANAGE TO NUDGE ABOVE FREEZING. SYSTEM EVENTUALLY KICKS EAST ALLOWING FOR UPSTREAM RIDGING TO WORK INTO THE AREA GIVING DRY FCST TUE NITE AND WEDNESDAY. NEXT SYSTEM THEN DIGS INTO THE PLAINS BRINGING ANOTHER CHANCE FOR PRECIP THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. WILL STAY WITH CURRENT GRIDS RA/SN MIX DURING THE AFTERNOON AND SN NITE/MORNING HOURS. EXPECT TEMPS 5-10 BELOW NORMAL TUE THEN NEAR NORMAL REMAINDER OF EXTENDED....WITH BEST CHANCE OF ABOVE NORMAL TEMPS ON THU IN ADVANCE OF NEXT SYSTEM. && .IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...ICE STORM WARNING FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO 12 PM EST SUNDAY FOR INZ008-009-018-026-027-033-034. WINTER STORM WARNING FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO 12 PM EST SUNDAY FOR INZ006-007. WINTER STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST /11 AM CST/ SUNDAY FOR INZ003>005. ICE STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST /11 AM CST/ SUNDAY FOR INZ012>017-020-022>025-032. MI...WINTER STORM WARNING FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO 12 PM EST SUNDAY FOR MIZ079>081. WINTER STORM WARNING UNTIL 12 PM EST SUNDAY FOR MIZ077-078. OH...ICE STORM WARNING FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO 12 PM EST SUNDAY FOR OHZ004-005-015-016-024-025. WINTER STORM WARNING FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO 12 PM EST SUNDAY FOR OHZ001-002. LM...BRISK WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 5 PM EST SUNDAY FOR LMZ043-046. && $$ UPDATE...HOLSTEN SHORT TERM/...FISHER LONG TERM...LOGSDON AVIATION...MURPHY
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS MARQUETTE MI
1022 PM EST MON FEB 26 2007 .UPDATE... HAVE ALLOWED ALL HEADLINES TO EXPIRE AS SCHEDULED THIS EVENING AS ONLY LIGHT SNOW ACCUMULATIONS OF 1 INCH OR LESS ARE EXPECTED FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE NIGHT. MAIN FCST CONCERN NOW IS POTENTIAL OF FZDZ. FZDZ HAS BEEN OCCURRING IN PARTS OF NRN LWR MI...AND FZDZ WAS OCCURRING AT KAPX WHEN THE 00Z SOUNDING WAS TAKEN. THE TEMP/MOISTURE PROFILE ON THE SOUNDING CERTAINLY DID NOT LOOK SUPPORTIVE OF FZDZ WITH NEAR SATURATION TO THE -14C ISOTHERM. TAMDAR SOUNDING FROM KSAW JUST BEFORE 01Z SHOWED NEAR SATURATION TO -17C (9.9KFT). OF COURSE...THAT DOESN`T MEAN MOISTURE WILL EXTEND TO THAT COLD OF A LAYER ALL NIGHT. IF YOU ERODE THE TOP 2KFT OF THE MOISTURE LAYER ON THE TAMDAR SOUNDING...THE COLDEST TEMP IN THE MOIST LAYER WILL ONLY BE -12C. SINCE FZDZ OCCURRED AT KAPX WITH MOISTURE TO -14C... WILL OPT TO INCLUDE PATCHY FZDZ IN FCST EVEN THOUGH IT WOULD SEEM TO BE A LOW PROBABILITY. AS FOR TEMPS...DID RAISE MINS SLIGHTLY BASED ON CURRENT DWPT READINGS AND EXPECTED OVC CONDITIONS THRU THE NIGHT. && .PREV DISCUSSION (ISSUED AT 340 PM EST)... ...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SNOWFALL POSSIBLE WED NIGHT INTO SAT... SYNOPSIS... 12Z RAOBS/LATEST WV IMAGERY SHOW CLOSED H5 LO CENTER ACRS THE UPR MIDWEST WITH SHRTWV ROTATING WNW ARND THIS FEATURE MOVING INTO THE SCNTRL CWA ATTM. SHARP GRADIENT OF MSTR ACRS THE UPR GRT LKS WITH 12Z APX/GRB SDNGS SHOWING DEEP SATURATION THRU THE ENTIRE TROP WHILE SKIES ARE CLR OVER NE LK SUP CLOSER TO NRLY STNRY HI CENTERED OVER HUDSON BAY. BAND OF H85-7 FGEN BTWN THESE TWO DISTINCT AIRMASSES NOTED BY THE GFS F6...AND THIS AXIS CORRESPONDS VERY NICELY TO THE LOCATION OF THE HIER REFLECTIVITIES FM ERY-MQT-JUST N OF ONTONAGON. UPR DVGC/DEEP LYR H85-3 QVECTOR CNVGC ASSOCIATED WITH THE SHRTWV IS SUPPORTING GENERAL SN OVER MUCH OF THE FA TO THE S OF THE SHARPER FGEN WITHIN THE DEEPER MSTR. OTRW...DRY AIR WRAPPING NNW ARND THE CLOSED LO CENTER BEHIND THE SHRTWV APPEARS TO BE DIMINISHING THE SN SOMEWHAT OVER THE FAR SCNTRL. TO THE W...A DEEP TROUGH IS DIGGING S THROUGH THE E PACIFIC...WITH RUC ANALYSIS SHOWING A 130KT JET INTO EUREKA CA. IN FACT...EVEN A FEW LIGHTNING STRIKES HAVE OCCURRED WITH SHRA MOVING INLAND THERE. THIS TROUGH IS PROGGED TO BE THE FEATURE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE NEXT SIGNIFICANT SNOWFALL LATE THIS WEEK. SHORT TERM (TONIGHT AND TUE)... 12Z GFS/UKMET/CNDN MODELS TAKE SHRTWV NOW MOVING INTO THE SRN COUNTIES WNW INTO NRN MN BY 00Z WED. NAM IS A BIT SLOWER...BUT WL FOLLOW THE MAJORITY SCENARIO GIVEN STEADY MOTION TO THE W OF THE COLDER CLD TOPS/TRACER FOR BETTER UPR DVGC ASSOCIATED WITH THE SHRTWV. WITH PASSAGE OF SHRTWV TO THE W THIS EVNG...GFS INDICATES H85-7 FGEN WL WEAKEN SUBSTANTIALLY BTWN 00Z-06Z AS LINGERING UPR DVGC EXITS OVER WRN LK SUP. DESPITE DEPARTURE OF STRONGER DYNAMICS...GFS SHOWS RELATIVELY DEEP MSTR (WELL ABV HGT OF -10C ISOTHERM) LINGERING IN LGT CYC NE FLOW THAT ONLY SLOWLY BECOMES MORE NEUTRAL/ACYC ON TUE UNDER SLOWLY RISING HGTS/MSLP AS HUDSON BAY HI SLOWLY BLDS TOWARD THE UPR GRT LKS. IN TERMS OF WX...WL EXTEND GOING HEADLINES A COUPLE OF HRS OVER ALL BUT THE FAR SCNTRL (WHERE ARRIVAL OF DRIER AIR IS NOW IN PROGRESS) TO ACCOUNT FOR LINGERING DYNAMICS THIS EVNG. OTRW...WL MAINTAIN HIER POPS LONGER OVER THE NCNTRL AND W...WHERE DYNAMICS WL BE LAST TO EXIT AND/OR LINGERING NE FLOW WL UPSLOPE. HOWEVER...WL MAINTAIN AT LEAST CHC POPS EVERYWHERE THRU THE NGT TO ACCOUNT FOR RELATIVELY DEEP MSTR INTO FVRBL SN GROWTH LYR WITHIN WEAKENING CYC FLOW. GIVEN THE EXPECTED CLD COVER/NE FLOW OFF LK SUP...TENDED TOWARD THE HI END OF MOS GUIDANCE FOR MIN TEMPS WITH THE LOWEST TEMPS OVER THE E CLOSER TO DRIER LLVL AIR IN ONTARIO. THEN GRDLY FADING POPS ON TUE UNDER STILL CLDY SKIES...MOST TENACIOUS POPS IN NE UPSLOPE AREAS ALG LK SUP. GOING HI TEMPS LOOK RSNBL. LONG TERM (TUE NIGHT THROUGH NEXT MON)... TUE NIGHT INTO WED...MUCH OF THIS PERIOD WILL BE DOMINATED BY THE CURRENT MID LEVEL UPPER TROUGH. AT 00Z WED...THIS TROUGH SHOULD STRETCH FROM NORTHERN MN ACROSS NORTHERN WI AND INTO LOWER MI. ON TUE NIGHT...HEIGHTS ARE PROGGED TO RISE IN THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES REGION AS THE CURRENT TROUGH OFF THE WEST COAST MOVES INLAND. THIS HEIGHT RISE WILL RESULT IN THE MID-LEVEL TROUGH MOVING SLOWLY NORTHWARD. ALTHOUGH THE ATMOSPHERE REMAINS FAIRLY MOIST ACROSS THE CWA WITH THE TROUGH...THE LACK OF ANY SIGNIFICANT VERTICAL MOTION PREVENTS MODELS FROM PRINTING OUT MUCH IF ANY QPF. NONETHELESS...THINK AT LEAST A FEW FLURRIES ARE WARRANTED. ON WED...THE MID LEVEL TROUGH SHIFTS EVEN FARTHER NORTHWARD...WITH A MID LEVEL RIDGE AXIS PROGGED TO BUILD INTO THE CWA. THEREFORE THE MID LEVELS WILL BE DRYING OUT...BUT THE SUBSIDENCE ALONG WITH A ESE LOW LEVEL FLOW WILL HELP KEEP LOW LEVEL MOISTURE/STRATUS IN. HAVE STILL MAINTAINED A FEW FLURRIES POSSIBLE OUT OF THIS DECK...WITH EVEN A CHANCE FOR SOME LIGHT SNOW IN THE FAR SOUTH CENTRAL WHERE EAST WINDS AND MARGINAL INSTABILITY EXISTS TO ALLOW FOR LAKE ENHANCEMENT. AS FAR AS TEMPERATURES GO...HAVE RAISED LOWS TUE NIGHT GIVEN PERSISTENT CLOUD COVER. HIGHS FOR WED SEEM REASONABLE. WED NIGHT...HEIGHT FALLS ARE PROGGED TO BEGIN ALOFT WED NIGHT AS THE FIRST SHRTWV EJECTS OUT OF THE UPPER TROUGH TOWARDS UPPER MICHIGAN. BY 12Z THU...THIS SHRTWV IS SHOWN OVER NORTHERN WI. 285-300K ISENTROPIC LIFT/MID LEVEL FRONTOGENESIS OCCURRING AHEAD OF THE SHRTWV IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE DPVA WILL SPREAD BANDS OF SNOW NORTHWARD FROM WISCONSIN INTO THE SW U.P. WED EVENING AND ACROSS MOST OF THE REST OF THE CWA AFTER MIDNIGHT. DRY EASTERLY FLOW MAY HELP TO KEEP THE SNOW AT A MINIMUM TOWARDS THE EASTERN U.P. AND THUS MAINTAINED CHANCE POPS FOR LUCE COUNTY. A FEW INCHES ARE NOT OUT OF THE QUESTION...WITH AMOUNTS LIKELY TOUCHING ADVISORY CRITERIA...DUE TO BOTH A COMBINATION OF LIFT INSIDE THE DENDRITIC SNOW GROWTH LAYER AND A DEEP (10000 FT) LAYER OF AGGREGATION BELOW IT. HAVE RAISED LOW TEMPERATURES UP DUE TO CLOUD COVER AND INCREASING EASTERLY WIND KEEPING READINGS FROM FALLING MUCH. THU...A MUCH STRONGER SHRTWV...CURRENTLY LOCATED AT THE BASE OF THE TROUGH IN THE EAST PACIFIC...IS PROGGED TO BE LOCATED OVER EASTERN KS AT 12Z THU. ASSOCIATED WITH THIS SHRTWV IS AN EXPECTED UPPER 980S MB LOW...WHICH SHOULD BE CENTERED NEAR KANSAS CITY AT 12Z. SINCE THIS SHRTWV WILL BE RUNNING INTO THE RIDGE THAT HAS BEEN BUILT OUT AHEAD OF IT...THE SHRTWV (ALONG WITH THE SURFACE LOW) WILL HAVE TO TAKE A NE TRACK AND BY 00Z IS PROGGED NEAR THE QUAD CITIES. BRIEF RIDGING OCCURRING AHEAD OF THIS SHRTWV SHOULD PUSH THE SHRTWV OVER NORTHERN WI LATE WED NIGHT ACROSS THE CWA IN THE MORNING. THUS AN ADDITIONAL FEW INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. THE RIDGING WILL BE SHORT LIVED AS BY LATE IN THE DAY...THE GFS AND ECMWF SHOW HEIGHTS FALLING AGAIN AHEAD OF THE STRONGER SHRTWV. 285-290K ISENTROPIC LIFT OCCURRING AHEAD OF THIS SHRTWV SHOULD SPREAD MORE SNOW BACK INTO THE CWA. GIVEN THE TWO POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR SNOWFALL...HAVE RAISED POPS TO 70 PERCENT. IN ADDITION TO THE SNOWFALL...WINDS ARE PROGGED TO INCREASE QUITE A BIT AS THE SURFACE LOW NEAR KANSAS CITY DEEPENS INTO THE LOW 980S WHILE MOVING UP TO THE QUAD CITIES. THE 12Z GFS NEARLY SHOWS STORM FORCE WINDS ON NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN WITH 50KT AT 950MB...MEANWHILE GALE FORCE WINDS OF 40 KT OR HIGHER ARE LIKELY ON LAKE SUPERIOR. THEREFORE GOING GALE OUTLOOK LOOKS REASONABLE. THU NIGHT THROUGH MON...THERE ARE TWO CONCERNS FOR THIS TIME PERIOD. THE FIRST AND MORE IMMEDIATE IS THE EVOLUTION AND TRACK OF THE SURFACE LOW FROM THU. LOOKING AT THE 00Z AND 06Z GUIDANCE...MODELS ARE IN GENERALLY GOOD AGREEMENT THAT A 500MB LOW WILL BE SITUATED SOMEWHERE IN WESTERN IOWA. HOWEVER...THE SURFACE LOW LOCATION IS MUCH MORE UNCERTAIN...WITH PLACEMENTS VARYING FROM EASTERN IOWA (06Z GFS)...NE MISSOURI (00Z UKMET AND MOST OF THE 00Z GFS ENSEMBLES) TO NEAR CHICAGO (00Z CANADIAN) AND NEAR GREEN BAY (00Z ECMWF). NONETHELESS...ALL MODELS AGREE ON A PRESSURE IN THE LOW TO MID 980S...WHICH MEANS THIS WILL LIKELY BE A SIGNIFICANT STORM. SINCE THE OVERALL TREND THE PAST FEW DAYS HAS BEEN MORE AND MORE TO THE SE...PREFER A SOLUTION ALONG THE LINE OF THE 00Z UKMET/CANADIAN/GFS ENSEMBLES. 12Z GUIDANCE IS VERY SIMILAR TO THE 00Z AND 06Z GUIDANCE...THEREFORE PREFERRED SOLUTION STILL SEEMS REASONABLE. THIS SOLUTION SUGGESTS THE SURFACE LOW WILL TRACK UP INTO CENTRAL LOWER MICHIGAN FRI NIGHT...SPREADING MODERATE TO HEAVY SNOW IN THE DEFORMATION ZONE INTO UPPER MICHIGAN. IF THIS SOLUTION IS CORRECT...THERE MAY ALSO BE A POSSIBILITY FOR LAKE ENHANCEMENT TO OCCUR FOR THE NORTH CENTRAL U.P.. WITH NE WINDS...THE HIGHER TERRAIN WEST OF MARQUETTE COULD END UP WITH SOME VERY HEAVY SNOW. SNOW SHOULD BEGIN TO DIMINISH ON SAT AS BOTH THE SURFACE AND MID LEVEL LOWS PULL AWAY. THIS EVENT WILL CONTINUE TO BE HIGHLIGHTED IN THE HWO...WHILE POPS FOR THE THU NIGHT THROUGH FRI NIGHT WILL BE RAISED TO LIKELY. WOULD LIKE TO GO EVEN HIGHER...BUT THE RELIABLE ECMWF MODEL REMAINS CONSISTENT ON SUGGESTING A DRY SLOT ON FRI (ONLY MODEL THAT SHOWS THIS...THOUGH). THE SECOND CONCERN FOR THE EXTENDED DEPENDS A LOT ON HOW QUICKLY THE STORM EXITS THE AREA. THE CURRENT 00Z ECMWF RUN AND PREVIOUS GFS RUNS FROM THE END OF LAST WEEK SUGGESTED THE POSSIBILITY FOR A BRIEF SHOT OF ARCTIC AIR TO MOVE INTO THE AREA LATE SUN INTO MON. IF THE STORM SLOWS UP ENOUGH...A BUILDING RIDGE OVER THE WESTERN U.S. WILL ALLOW AN UPPER TROUGH AND SHRTWV OVER THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES TO DIVE SE TOWARDS THE GREAT LAKES. HOWEVER...IF THE STORM IS FASTER... A PORTION OF THE WESTERN RIDGE WILL BUILD TOWARDS THE GREAT LAKES (SEE 06Z GFS AND 00Z UKMET) AND THUS KEEP THE COLD AIR WELL UP TO THE NORTH. FOR NOW WILL FOLLOW HPC GUIDANCE WHICH BLENDS THE TWO OPTIONS TOGETHER...WHICH RESULTS IN SOME COLD AIR AND LAKE EFFECT SNOWS INTO THE CWA SUN INTO MON...BUT NOT AS COLD AS SUGGESTED BY THE ECMWF. && .MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE. && $$ ROLFSON (UPDATE) KC (SHORT TERM) AJ (LONG TERM)
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS GAYLORD MI
1004 PM EST MON FEB 26 2007 .UPDATE...WILL NOT BE ISSUING A FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY. WEATHER HAS IN FACT CHANGED TO MAINLY A LIGHT SNOW ACROSS NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN. ALSO FELT THAT RECENT SNOWFALL AND DRIFTING HAS LEFT ENOUGH OF A COATING OF SNOW ON MOST ROADS THAT THE IMPACT OF THE ICE BUILDUP WOULD BE MINIMAL. CALLS MADE TO AREA LAW ENFORCEMENTS DO SUPPORT THE IDEA THAT IMPACTS ARE MINIMAL. NO ACCIDENTS REPORTED. PERSONS OUT ON AREA ROADWAYS TONIGHT SHOULD HOWEVER REALIZE THAT FREEZING DRIZZLE DID OCCUR AND THE ROADS ARE AT LEAST A LITTLE MORE SLICK. AFTER THE SNOW ENDS...THERE COULD STILL BE SOME PATCHY FREEZING DRIZZLE. AS A MATTER OF FACT...THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE WILL REMAIN DEEP IN MOISTURE...AND ANY SMALL SCALE FEATURE THAT ROTATES AROUND THE FILLING LOW PRESSURE COULD SPARK OF ADDITIONAL FREEZING DRIZZLE. NO FURTHER UPDATES TO THE FORECAST ARE PLANNED. SMD && .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 907 PM EST MON FEB 26 2007/ UPDATE...SFC/RUC/SATELLITE/RADAR AND UPPER AIR ANALYSIS SHOWING THAT SFC LOW HAS MEANDERED INTO MANISTEE. AREA OF LIGHT SNOW FROM DOWNSTATE HAS ROTATED UP NORTHWARD AND INTO NORTHERN LOWER THIS EVENING AHEAD OF SHORTWAVE SEEN ON DARKENED AREA OF LATEST WV IMAGERY. THIS OCCURRING IN WEAK...BUT CONFLUENT FLOW IN THE MID LEVELS...HELPING TO SQUEEZE OUT THE PRECIPITATION. THE INITIAL BURST OF THIS ARE OF LIGHT PRECIP HAS YIELDED A MIXTURE OF LIGHT SNOW/LIGHT SLEET AND FREEZING DRIZZLE. ALTHOUGH FORECAST MODEL SOUNDINGS AND ACARS DATA SUGGEST THAT THE FREEZING DRIZZLE ASPECT OF THINGS WOULD SEEM DIFFICULT TO COME BY (NO SHEAR AT TOP OF MOIST LAYER AND MOISTURE EXTENDING TO THE -12C ISOTHERM)...THE ACARS SOUNDING WAS FROM DOWNSTATE WHERE IN FACT IT WAS SNOWING...AND THE MODEL SOUNDINGS ARE LIKELY MISSING SOME DRYING ALOFT THAT OCCURRED BETWEEN THE SNOW FROM TODAY AND THIS BATCH COMING IN. THEREFORE...OUR ATMOSPHERE WAS LIKELY DRIED OUT ENOUGH ALOFT...AND THE DEEPENING LOW LEVEL MOISTURE AHEAD OF THE SHORTWAVE WAS PROVIDING THE SPARK FOR AN ONSET OF DRIZZLE. THE NORTHWARD ADVANCEMENT OF THE SHORTWAVE WILL LIKELY TRANSLATE THE FREEZING DRIZZLE TO MORE LIGHT SNOW AS THE EVENING WEARS ON. PROBLEM IS THAT WE HAVE ALREADY SEEN A COATING OF ICE ON CARS HERE AT THE OFFICE...AND ANY FURTHER ICING COULD RESULT IN THE NEED FOR A FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY. WILL BE KEEPING CLOSE TABS ON THIS WEATHER SCENARIO OVER THE NEXT HOUR OR SO. HIGHER LOW LEVEL MOISTURE CONTENT WILL KEEP SKIES CLOUDY FOR ALMOST ALL AREAS TONIGHT...AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES UP A FEW DEGREES FROM PREVIOUS FORECAST LOWS. EASTERN UPPER HAS CEILINGS AROUND 6KFT...SUGGESTING THAT FREEZING DRIZZLE IS LIKELY NOT GOING TO BE A PLAYER UP THERE. WINDS HAVE SLACKENED MOST AREAS TOO...WITH 5 KNOTS SOUTH AND AS HIGH AS 15 KTS NORTH. MADE APPROPRIATE ADJUSTMENTS TO MARINE AND PUBLIC FORECASTS. SMD PREV DISCUSSION ISSUED AT 344 PM EST MON FEB 26 2007 DISCUSSION...THE VERTICALLY STACKED LOW IS OVER CENTRAL LAKE MICHIGAN WITH THE PRECIPITATION SLOWLY FADING INTO THE SUNSET. LAST REMNANTS OF DEFORMATION SNOW IS ALONG LAKE HURON SHORELINE FROM THE STRAITS TO PRESQUE ISLE LIGHT. AS THIS BAND AS CONTINUALLY MOVED THROUGH THE DAY TOWARD THE NORTHEAST IN THE VERY NEAR TERM IT IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE TO MOVE OFFSHORE. OTHERWISE, LIGHT SNOW IS ROUNDING THE BOTTOM OF THE TROUGH. MODELS ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY. SO WILL BLEND THE FORECAST. TONIGHT...WITH THE WEAKENING SYSTEM, THE SNOW WILL CONTINUE TO DIMINISH. SO HAVE ONLY UP TO AN INCH AS THE SFC LOW DRIFTS EAST, ACROSS S LOWER. THE GRADIENT REMAINS SOMEWHAT TIGHT, SO THE WINDS WILL CONTINUE ALONG THE 10 TO 20 MPH RANGE. TUESDAY...THE SFC LOW CONTINUES TO PULL OUT OF THE REGION WITH THE 500 MB LOW BY TUESDAY EVENING BEING ONLY A WEAK TROUGH. HIGH PRESSURE IS SLOWLY BUILDING IN, BUT WITH ALL OF THE MOISTURE STILL LEFT OVER INTO THE LOWER LEVELS (850 MB LEVEL RH AROUND 90%) WOULD STILL EXPECT THAT THERE WILL BE SOME CHANCE FOR SNOW OR FLURRIES. LUTZ LATER PERIODS...FOCUS WILL CONTINUE TO BE ON NEXT STORM SYSTEM EJECTING OUT OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS...AND INTO THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES REGION. TIMING OF SYSTEM...PRECIPITATION TYPE...AND PRECIPITATION AMOUNTS WILL BE THE MAIN CONCERNS. MODELS ARE FAIRLY SIMILAR AT THIS TIME...SO WILL GO WITH A GENERAL BLEND THROUGH FRIDAY. TUESDAY NIGHT AND WEDNESDAY...DEFORMATION AXIS LAID OUT EAST/WEST ACROSS NORTHERN MICHIGAN WILL CONTINUE TO STRETCH OUT. EXPECT CLOUDS TO LINGER THROUGH WEDNESDAY...WITH SOME FLURRIES FROM TIME TO TIME. TEMPERATURES WILL FALL INTO THE 20S IN NORTHERN LOWER TUESDAY NIGHT...WITH TEENS IN UPPER MICHIGAN WITH A FEW MORE BREAKS IN THE CLOUDS. HIGHS WEDNESDAY WILL REACH INTO THE UPPER 20S TO AROUND 30. WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT...NAM AND GFS SEEM TO BE IN REASONABLE AGREEMENT WITH REGARDS TO THE FEATURES OF THE UPCOMING STORM. THE MODELS TAKE THE SURFACE LOW INTO NORTHERN MISSOURI...THEN NORTHEASTWARD INTO EASTERN WISCONSIN. STRONG ISENTROPIC ASCENT (290K) SETS IN LATE WEDNESDAY NIGHT AND CONTINUES DURING THE DAY ON THURSDAY. STRONG 850-700MB 2D FRONTOGENESIS OVERSPREADS THE REGION DURING THIS TIME PERIOD...AND WOULD EXPECT PRECIPITATION TO BECOME WIDESPREAD AND POTENTIALLY QUITE HEAVY THURSDAY MORNING. ONE JET SHOOTING ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS WILL COUPLE WITH A JET ACROSS NEW ENGLAND...TO PROVIDE DECENT UPPER LEVEL DIVERGENCE ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES REGION. THUS...GREAT DYNAMICS ARE IN PLACE FOR RAPID INTENSIFICATION OF THE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM. MODEL SOUNDINGS START OFF ALL BELOW ZERO THURSDAY MORNING AT LEAST SUGGESTING THINGS WILL START OFF AS SNOW. HOWEVER...SURGE OF WARM AIR IN THE 850-750MB LAYER WILL TRANSITION THINGS FROM SNOW EARLY THURSDAY MORNING...TO A MIXTURE OF SNOW AND FREEZING RAIN BY AFTERNOON. SURFACE LAYER OF COLD AIR WILL BE STRONG ENOUGH IN THE NORTH FOR LIQUID TO REFREEZE AND PRODUCE SLEET. THE FREEZING RAIN/SLEET/SNOW WILL CONTINUE INTO THURSDAY NIGHT...BUT PRECIPITATION WILL BEGIN TO CHANGE OVER TO ALL SNOW AS COLDER AIR ARRIVES LATE THURSDAY NIGHT. THE TEMPERATURE DIURNAL RANGE WILL BE QUITE SMALL WITH THE CLOUD COVER AND PRECIPITATION. LOWS WILL DROP INTO THE TEENS TO LOWER 20S...WITH HIGHS TOPPING OUT AROUND 30. EXTENDED (FRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY)...MUCH LIKE THE SYSTEM THIS WEEKEND...LOW WILL BEGIN TO FILL AND OCCLUDE AS IT LIFTS NORTHWARD ACROSS EASTERN UPPER...THEN INTO ONTARIO. COLD AIR...WITH 850MB TEMPS FALLING TO -8C...WILL SPREAD INTO NORTHERN MICHIGAN EARLY FRIDAY MORNING...CHANGING PRECIPITATION TO ALL SNOW. WITH LOW TRACK FAIRLY CLOSE TO THE AREA...WILL AGAIN HAVE TO KEEP AN EYE ON THE POTENTIAL FOR A DRY SLOT TO SURGE INTO THE AREA...PRODUCING A PERIOD OF FREEZING DRIZZLE ON FRIDAY. FOR NOW...MOISTURE SHOULD BE DEEP ENOUGH (AT LEAST -10C ISOTHERM) TO KEEP THINGS ALL SNOW. AS THE FILLING LOW DRIFTS EAST OVER THE WEEKEND...850MB TEMPS FALL TO AROUND -14C...AND PRECIPITATION WILL TRANSITION TO LAKE EFFECT/ENHANCED SNOWFALL. NORTHWEST FLOW WILL CONTINUE THROUGH SUNDAY...BEFORE WINDS BEGIN TO BACK AHEAD OF UPPER LEVEL AND SURFACE RIDGE. KAS APX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE. && .APX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS GAYLORD MI
907 PM EST MON FEB 26 2007 .UPDATE...SFC/RUC/SATELLITE/RADAR AND UPPER AIR ANALYSIS SHOWING THAT SFC LOW HAS MEANDERED INTO MANISTEE. AREA OF LIGHT SNOW FROM DOWNSTATE HAS ROTATED UP NORTHWARD AND INTO NORTHERN LOWER THIS EVENING AHEAD OF SHORTWAVE SEEN ON DARKENED AREA OF LATEST WV IMAGERY. THIS OCCURRING IN WEAK...BUT CONFLUENT FLOW IN THE MID LEVELS...HELPING TO SQUEEZE OUT THE PRECIPITATION. THE INITIAL BURST OF THIS ARE OF LIGHT PRECIP HAS YIELDED A MIXTURE OF LIGHT SNOW/LIGHT SLEET AND FREEZING DRIZZLE. ALTHOUGH FORECAST MODEL SOUNDINGS AND ACARS DATA SUGGEST THAT THE FREEZING DRIZZLE ASPECT OF THINGS WOULD SEEM DIFFICULT TO COME BY (NO SHEAR AT TOP OF MOIST LAYER AND MOISTURE EXTENDING TO THE -12C ISOTHERM)...THE ACARS SOUNDING WAS FROM DOWNSTATE WHERE IN FACT IT WAS SNOWING...AND THE MODEL SOUNDINGS ARE LIKELY MISSING SOME DRYING ALOFT THAT OCCURRED BETWEEN THE SNOW FROM TODAY AND THIS BATCH COMING IN. THEREFORE...OUR ATMOSPHERE WAS LIKELY DRIED OUT ENOUGH ALOFT...AND THE DEEPENING LOW LEVEL MOISTURE AHEAD OF THE SHORTWAVE WAS PROVIDING THE SPARK FOR AN ONSET OF DRIZZLE. THE NORTHWARD ADVANCEMENT OF THE SHORTWAVE WILL LIKELY TRANSLATE THE FREEZING DRIZZLE TO MORE LIGHT SNOW AS THE EVENING WEARS ON. PROBLEM IS THAT WE HAVE ALREADY SEEN A COATING OF ICE ON CARS HERE AT THE OFFICE...AND ANY FURTHER ICING COULD RESULT IN THE NEED FOR A FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY. WILL BE KEEPING CLOSE TABS ON THIS WEATHER SCENARIO OVER THE NEXT HOUR OR SO. HIGHER LOW LEVEL MOISTURE CONTENT WILL KEEP SKIES CLOUDY FOR ALMOST ALL AREAS TONIGHT...AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES UP A FEW DEGREES FROM PREVIOUS FORECAST LOWS. EASTERN UPPER HAS CEILINGS AROUND 6KFT...SUGGESTING THAT FREEZING DRIZZLE IS LIKELY NOT GOING TO BE A PLAYER UP THERE. WINDS HAVE SLACKENED MOST AREAS TOO...WITH 5 KNOTS SOUTH AND AS HIGH AS 15 KTS NORTH. MADE APPROPRIATE ADJUSTMENTS TO MARINE AND PUBLIC FORECASTS. SMD .PRE DISCUSSION ISSUED AT 344 PM EST MON FEB 26 2007 DISCUSSION...THE VERTICALLY STACKED LOW IS OVER CENTRAL LAKE MICHIGAN WITH THE PRECIPITATION SLOWLY FADING INTO THE SUNSET. LAST REMNANTS OF DEFORMATION SNOW IS ALONG LAKE HURON SHORELINE FROM THE STRAITS TO PRESQUE ISLE LIGHT. AS THIS BAND AS CONTINUALLY MOVED THROUGH THE DAY TOWARD THE NORTHEAST IN THE VERY NEAR TERM IT IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE TO MOVE OFFSHORE. OTHERWISE, LIGHT SNOW IS ROUNDING THE BOTTOM OF THE TROUGH. MODELS ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY. SO WILL BLEND THE FORECAST. TONIGHT...WITH THE WEAKENING SYSTEM, THE SNOW WILL CONTINUE TO DIMINISH. SO HAVE ONLY UP TO AN INCH AS THE SFC LOW DRIFTS EAST, ACROSS S LOWER. THE GRADIENT REMAINS SOMEWHAT TIGHT, SO THE WINDS WILL CONTINUE ALONG THE 10 TO 20 MPH RANGE. TUESDAY...THE SFC LOW CONTINUES TO PULL OUT OF THE REGION WITH THE 500 MB LOW BY TUESDAY EVENING BEING ONLY A WEAK TROUGH. HIGH PRESSURE IS SLOWLY BUILDING IN, BUT WITH ALL OF THE MOISTURE STILL LEFT OVER INTO THE LOWER LEVELS (850 MB LEVEL RH AROUND 90%) WOULD STILL EXPECT THAT THERE WILL BE SOME CHANCE FOR SNOW OR FLURRIES. LUTZ LATER PERIODS...FOCUS WILL CONTINUE TO BE ON NEXT STORM SYSTEM EJECTING OUT OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS...AND INTO THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES REGION. TIMING OF SYSTEM...PRECIPITATION TYPE...AND PRECIPITATION AMOUNTS WILL BE THE MAIN CONCERNS. MODELS ARE FAIRLY SIMILAR AT THIS TIME...SO WILL GO WITH A GENERAL BLEND THROUGH FRIDAY. TUESDAY NIGHT AND WEDNESDAY...DEFORMATION AXIS LAID OUT EAST/WEST ACROSS NORTHERN MICHIGAN WILL CONTINUE TO STRETCH OUT. EXPECT CLOUDS TO LINGER THROUGH WEDNESDAY...WITH SOME FLURRIES FROM TIME TO TIME. TEMPERATURES WILL FALL INTO THE 20S IN NORTHERN LOWER TUESDAY NIGHT...WITH TEENS IN UPPER MICHIGAN WITH A FEW MORE BREAKS IN THE CLOUDS. HIGHS WEDNESDAY WILL REACH INTO THE UPPER 20S TO AROUND 30. WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT...NAM AND GFS SEEM TO BE IN REASONABLE AGREEMENT WITH REGARDS TO THE FEATURES OF THE UPCOMING STORM. THE MODELS TAKE THE SURFACE LOW INTO NORTHERN MISSOURI...THEN NORTHEASTWARD INTO EASTERN WISCONSIN. STRONG ISENTROPIC ASCENT (290K) SETS IN LATE WEDNESDAY NIGHT AND CONTINUES DURING THE DAY ON THURSDAY. STRONG 850-700MB 2D FRONTOGENESIS OVERSPREADS THE REGION DURING THIS TIME PERIOD...AND WOULD EXPECT PRECIPITATION TO BECOME WIDESPREAD AND POTENTIALLY QUITE HEAVY THURSDAY MORNING. ONE JET SHOOTING ACROSS THE SOUTHERN PLAINS WILL COUPLE WITH A JET ACROSS NEW ENGLAND...TO PROVIDE DECENT UPPER LEVEL DIVERGENCE ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES REGION. THUS...GREAT DYNAMICS ARE IN PLACE FOR RAPID INTENSIFICATION OF THE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM. MODEL SOUNDINGS START OFF ALL BELOW ZERO THURSDAY MORNING AT LEAST SUGGESTING THINGS WILL START OFF AS SNOW. HOWEVER...SURGE OF WARM AIR IN THE 850-750MB LAYER WILL TRANSITION THINGS FROM SNOW EARLY THURSDAY MORNING...TO A MIXTURE OF SNOW AND FREEZING RAIN BY AFTERNOON. SURFACE LAYER OF COLD AIR WILL BE STRONG ENOUGH IN THE NORTH FOR LIQUID TO REFREEZE AND PRODUCE SLEET. THE FREEZING RAIN/SLEET/SNOW WILL CONTINUE INTO THURSDAY NIGHT...BUT PRECIPITATION WILL BEGIN TO CHANGE OVER TO ALL SNOW AS COLDER AIR ARRIVES LATE THURSDAY NIGHT. THE TEMPERATURE DIURNAL RANGE WILL BE QUITE SMALL WITH THE CLOUD COVER AND PRECIPITATION. LOWS WILL DROP INTO THE TEENS TO LOWER 20S...WITH HIGHS TOPPING OUT AROUND 30. EXTENDED (FRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY)...MUCH LIKE THE SYSTEM THIS WEEKEND...LOW WILL BEGIN TO FILL AND OCCLUDE AS IT LIFTS NORTHWARD ACROSS EASTERN UPPER...THEN INTO ONTARIO. COLD AIR...WITH 850MB TEMPS FALLING TO -8C...WILL SPREAD INTO NORTHERN MICHIGAN EARLY FRIDAY MORNING...CHANGING PRECIPITATION TO ALL SNOW. WITH LOW TRACK FAIRLY CLOSE TO THE AREA...WILL AGAIN HAVE TO KEEP AN EYE ON THE POTENTIAL FOR A DRY SLOT TO SURGE INTO THE AREA...PRODUCING A PERIOD OF FREEZING DRIZZLE ON FRIDAY. FOR NOW...MOISTURE SHOULD BE DEEP ENOUGH (AT LEAST -10C ISOTHERM) TO KEEP THINGS ALL SNOW. AS THE FILLING LOW DRIFTS EAST OVER THE WEEKEND...850MB TEMPS FALL TO AROUND -14C...AND PRECIPITATION WILL TRANSITION TO LAKE EFFECT/ENHANCED SNOWFALL. NORTHWEST FLOW WILL CONTINUE THROUGH SUNDAY...BEFORE WINDS BEGIN TO BACK AHEAD OF UPPER LEVEL AND SURFACE RIDGE. KAS && .APX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE. && $$
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS SEATTLE WA
910 PM PST SAT FEB 24 2007 .SYNOPSIS...A COLD UPPER LEVEL TROUGH WILL REMAIN OFF THE COAST THROUGH MIDWEEK...BRINGING COOL AND SHOWERY WEATHER TO THE REGION. && .SHORT TERM...ANOTHER ROUND OF SHOWERS HEADED OUR WAY LATE THIS EVENING AS A BAND ROTATES ONSHORE THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH A COLD UPPER LOW OFF THE COAST. FROM SATELLITE DERIVED TRAJECTORIES IT LOOKS LIKE WE WILL HAVE THESE MORE WIDESPREAD SHOWERS AROUND THROUGH A GOOD PORTION OF THE NIGHT. TEMPERATURES ACROSS THE AREA RANGE FROM THE MID 30S TO THE MID 40S AND ACARS DATA INDICATES THAT THE FREEZING LEVEL IS UP AROUND 4000 FEET...SO THE THREAT FOR LOWLAND SNOW IS RATHER LOW TONIGHT. HOWEVER AS THE RATHER COLD OFFSHORE UPPER LOW GRADUALLY WORKS INLAND INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY...THE THREAT OF SOME LOWLAND SNOW SHOWERS INCREASES. THIS WILL BE HIT AND MISS AND MOST LIKELY DURING THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. JUST DON`T BE SURPRISED IF YOU WAKE UP ONE THE NEXT FEW DAYS AND FIND A SKIFF OF SNOW ON THE GRASS. HOPEFULLY (AS FAR AS I`M CONCERNED) THAT THIS IS WINTER`S LAST GASP. THE CURRENT FORECAST HAS THE CURRENT AND SHORT TERM THOUGHTS WELL IN HAND SO AT THIS POINT WON`T UPDATE BASED ON THAT. CURRENTLY HAVE A SNOW ADVISORY UP FOR THE MOUNTAINS UNTIL 10 PM AND THINGS HAVE SETTLED DOWN THERE FOR THE MOMENT. THERE WILL BE ANOTHER BATCH OF SHOWERS THAT WILL AFFECT THE AREA OVERNIGHT...HOWEVER NEW ACCUMULATIONS NOT EXPECTED TO REACH ADVISORY CRITERIA. WILL GO WITH AN ADDITIONAL 4-6 INCHES OVERNIGHT AND LET THE ADVISORY DIE A NATURAL DEATH. CERNIGLIA .LONG TERM...LITTLE CHANGE WEDNESDAY AS UPPER TROUGH TAKES THE SLOW TRAIN EAST THROUGH CWA. SLOW INCREASE IN HEIGHTS AFTER THAT WITH WHAT LOOKS LIKE A SOLID RAIN EVENT SHAPING UP FOR FRIDAY. MORE SHOWERS SATURDAY. BURKE && .AVIATION...LOW PRESSURE REMAINING OFFSHORE. BAND OF SHOWERS MOVING THROUGH WESTERN WASHINGTON 04Z-10Z. AFTER THAT SKIES CLEARING OUT A BIT BEFORE THE SHOWERS REDEVELOP WITH THE UNSTABLE AMS SUNDAY AFTERNOON. .KSEA...SCATTERED TO BROKEN LAYER NEAR 3000 FEET WITH ANOTHER LAYER NEAR 6000 FEET. AFTER 10Z CONDITIONS IMPROVING WITH SCATTERED CLOUDS ABOVE 5000 FEET. CONDITIONS LOWERING TO 3000 TO 4000 FOOT BROKEN MIDDAY INTO EARLY AFTERNOON SUNDAY. WINDS SELY 6 TO 10 KNOTS BECOMING MORE SOUTHERLY SUNDAY AFTERNOON. FELTON .AVALANCHE...FROM PREVIOUS DISCUSSION...PLENTY OF LOW DENSITY SNOW RECEIVED DURING PAST FEW DAYS IS BEING LOADED AND STRESSED BY INCREASINGLY DENSE AND SLIGHTLY WARMER WIND DRIVEN SNOWFALL. THOUGH VISIBILITY POOR, FIELD REPORTS FROM SKI PATROL INDICATE RAPIDLY GROWING CORNICES AND SOME EASY SKI TRIGGERED SLABS RELEASING UP TO 2-3 FEET, MAINLY IN WIND AFFECTED TERRAIN. THIS SNOWPACK SENSITIVITY APPEARS TO BE VERIFYING AVALANCHE WARNING FOR INCREASINGLY UNSTABLE SNOWPACK, ESPECIALLY ABOVE 4-5000 FEET. AS WE TURN MORE SHOWERY LATER SATURDAY, EXPECT SLIGHT DECREASE IN DANGER AND WILL ALLOW WARNING TO EXPIRE TONIGHT. HOWEVER, WITH MORE SNOWFALL ACCOMPANYING ANOTHER, THOUGH WEAKER, SYSTEM SUNDAY, EXPECT ONLY A LIMITED DECREASE IN THE DANGER THROUGH THE WEEKEND WITH DANGER LEVELS HOVERING JUST BELOW WARNING CRITERIA. NO DOUBT THERE IS SOME QUALITY POWDER OUT THERE, JUST HOPE THAT BACK COUNTRY TRAVELERS ADJUST THEIR ROUTES, AND BE A LITTLE MORE CONSERVATIVE FOR AWHILE. FOR DETAILS SEE WWW.NWAC.US. MOORE THIS SECTION IS PROVIDED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE USDA FOREST SERVICE NW WEATHER AND AVALANCHE CENTER. && .SEW WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... ...SNOW ADVISORY FOR THE CASCADES AND OLYMPICS TIL 10 PM. ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY COAST...WEST AND EAST ENTRANCE TO THE STRAIT...ADMIRALTY INLET...AND THE NORTHERN INLAND WATERS. ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FOR ROUGH BAR CONDITIONS GRAYS HARBOR BAR. $$ WEATHER.GOV/SEATTLE

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS SAN DIEGO CA
930 PM PST MON FEB 26 2007 .SYNOPSIS... A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE SLOWLY ACROSS SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA TONIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY. A SECOND COLD FRONT IS EXPECTED TO MOVE ACROSS THE AREA TUESDAY NIGHT AND WEDNESDAY. THIS WILL CAUSE PERIODS OF LIGHT RAIN OVER THE COAST AND VALLEYS AND LIGHT TO MODERATE RAIN AND SNOW IN THE MOUNTAINS. HIGH WIND WARNINGS ARE IN EFFECT FOR THE MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS. TRAVEL WILL BE DIFFICULT IN THE MOUNTAINS TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY DUE TO GUSTY WINDS AND POOR VISIBILITY IN SNOW...BLOWING SNOW...AND FOG. BLOWING SAND AND DUST OVER THE DESERTS WILL ALSO CREATE POOR VISIBILITY AT TIMES. THE PRECIPITATION SHOULD END LATE WEDNESDAY NIGHT. DRY BUT COOL WEATHER WITH NORTHEAST WINDS IS EXPECTED FOR THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. THE WEEKEND SHOULD BE WARMER AS HIGH PRESSURE BUILDS ALOFT. && .DISCUSSION...FOR EXTREME SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA INCLUDING ORANGE... SAN DIEGO...WESTERN RIVERSIDE AND SOUTHWESTERN SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES... .SHORT TERM...TONIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY TEMPORARY RIDGING/SUBSIDENCE AHEAD OF APPROACHING COLD FRONT LOWERED MARINE LAYER TO AROUND 4000 FEET MONDAY AFTERNOON BUT SHOULD REBOUND OVERNIGHT. UPSTREAM SOUNDINGS...SPEED OF MOVEMENT OF LEADING EDGE OF CLOUDS ASSOCIATED WITH FIRST COLD FRONT...AND MODEL CROSS SECTIONS ALL INDICATE AIR MASS WILL BE SATURATED TO 7500 FEET BY TUESDAY MORNING. WINDS BETWEEN 6000 AND 10000 FEET WILL ALSO BE INCREASING TO 45-60 KNOTS OVERNIGHT. LOCAL WIND PROGRAM IS GENERATING GUSTS 58 TO 70 MPH IN WIND PRONE LOCATIONS ALONG EAST SLOPES AND DESERTS BETWEEN 10 PM AND 4 AM TONIGHT. HIGH WIND WARNINGS WENT INTO EFFECT AT 6 PM AND SO FAR HAVE HAS SOME GUSTS OVER 40 MPH REPORTED OVER THE COACHELLA VALLEY AND EASTERN SAN DIEGO COUNTY. AN INVERSION IS EXPECTED TO PRESENT NEAR OR WITHIN 2000 FEET OF THE HIGHER RIDGES ALL DAY TUESDAY. THIS COUPLED WITH SUSTAINED WEST +45 KNOT WINDS OVER THE MOUNTAINS WILL CREATE SURFACING MOUNTAIN WAVES OVER THE DESERT AREAS...CAUSING BLOWING SAND/DUST AND POOR VISIBILITY IMPEDING GROUND TRANSPORTATION...IN ADDITION TO SEVERE TURBULENCE FOR AIRCRAFT. POOR VISIBILITY IS LIKELY TO BE PRESENT IN THE MOUNTAINS DUE TO FOG AND BLOWING SNOW. SNOW LEVEL EXPECTED TO REMAIN AROUND 5500 FEET THROUGH TONIGHT THEN LOWER TO 4000 FEET TUESDAY MORNING. THE MODELS MOVE THIS FIRST FRONT EAST OF THE AREA BY TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND SHOW A SECOND IMPULSE COMING ACROSS THE AREA TUESDAY NIGHT/WEDNESDAY MORNING...THIS MIGHT GIVE US A TEMPORARY BREAK/PRECIPITATION TUESDAY AFTERNOON...BUT AIR MASS WILL CONTINUE NEAR SATURATION ALONG WITH UPSLOPE FLOW SO ANY SUCKER HOLES SHOULD QUICKLY CLOSE UP. COLDER AIR ARRIVING TUESDAY NIGHT WILL DROP THE SNOW LEVEL TO 3500 FEET OR LOWER. ALL IN ALL LITTLE CHANGE EXPECTED TUESDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY WITH PROLONGED PERIOD OF LIGHT TO MODERATE PRECIPITATION OVER MOUNTAINS...VALLEYS...AND COAST WHILE DESERT AREAS GET SAND BLASTED WITH STRONG WINDS. .LONG TERM...WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY HIGH PRESSURE BUILDING TO THE NORTH WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY TURNS FLOW TO THE NORTHEAST AND PROVIDES DRYING BUT LITTLE WARMING. OFFSHORE PRESSURE GRADIENT INCREASES TO AROUND 12 MB ON FRIDAY AND THERE APPEARS TO BE SOME UPPER SUPPORT. THE WIND PROGRAM GENERATES 30 TO 45 MPH GUSTS AND THESE SEEM REASONABLE. ON SATURDAY THE PRESSURE GRADIENT IS STRONGER BUT THE UPPER SUPPORT IS MISSING. THIS WOULD BE A CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER PATTERN BUT THE FUEL CONDITIONS DUE TO THE RECENT AND EXPECTED PRECIPITATION OVER THE NEXT 48 HOURS SHOULD MITIGATE THE RAPID DRYING AND WARMING ON SATURDAY AND THE LINGERING VERY DRY AND WARM CONDITIONS SUNDAY. THE OFFSHORE FLOW ENDS SUNDAY MORNING AND THE RIDGE BREAKS DOWN BY SUNDAY AFTERNOON...SO EXPECT A WIND REVERSAL AND INCREASING ONSHORE FLOW/GUSTY SOUTHWEST WINDS OVER THE MOUNTAINS BY SUNDAY AFTERNOON. && .AVIATION... 270400Z...THE MARINE LAYER WILL DEEPEN OVERNIGHT AND A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE ACROSS THE AREA TOMORROW MORNING FROM THE NORTHWEST...BRINGING WITH IT SCATTERED SHOWERS AND STRONG WINDS. MULTIPLE LAYERS OF STRATOCU ARE EXPECTED WITH BASES BTWN 2500-3000 FT LOCALLY AT OR BELOW 2000 FEET MSL IN SHOWERS. THERE MAY BE SOME BRIEF CLEARING TOMORROW AFTERNOON BEHIND THE FRONT...EXCEPT INLAND VALLEYS AND MOUNTAINS WHERE CLOUDS AND SHOWERS WILL LINGER. STRONG WESTERLY WINDS ALOFT WILL CAUSE CAUSE MOUNTAIN WAVE/ROTOR ACTIVITY WITH STRONG UDDFS OVER THE MOUNTAINS AND IN THE DESERTS THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT. SURFACING WAVE ACTIVITY COULD GENERATE LOCAL WIND GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH WITH AREAS OF BLOWING DUST. A SECOND FRONT WILL BRING AN ANOTHER ROUND OF SHOWERS ON WEDNESDAY. && .SGX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CA...HIGH WIND WARNING UNTIL 10 PM PST WEDNESDAY FOR APPLE AND LUCERNE VALLEYS-COACHELLA VALLEY-RIVERSIDE COUNTY MOUNTAINS- SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MOUNTAINS-SAN DIEGO COUNTY DESERTS- SAN DIEGO COUNTY MOUNTAINS. PZ...NONE. && $$ PUBLIC/FIRE WEATHER...BALFOUR AVIATION/MARINE.......SCV NWS ON THE WEB AT WEATHER.GOV/SANDIEGO
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS MARQUETTE MI
425 AM EST TUE FEB 27 2007 ...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SNOWFALL POSSIBLE WED NIGHT INTO SAT... .SYNOPSIS... H5/H7/H85 LOW RESIDES NORTHEAST WI INTO NORTHERN LK MI. SFC LOW IS OVR CNTRL LK MI. SHORTWAVES/VORT MAXES MOVING AROUND THE LOW ARE OVR SOUTHERN LOWER MI MOVING TO THE EAST AND OVR NORTHEAST MN MOVING TO THE WEST. REGIONAL RADAR SHOWING NUMEROUS ECHOES ALONG AND NORTH OF THE LOW CENTER WITH MORE SCATTERED ACTIVITY TO ITS SOUTH. PCPN IS NOT ALL SNOW THOUGH...DESPITE LATEST SOUNDINGS FM APX/GRB AND TAMDAR SOUNDINGS FM KSAW WHICH POINT TO TEMPS COLD ENOUGH FOR SNOW. MOIST LAYER ON ALL SOUNDINGS EXTENDS TO 750-650MB. AS UPR LOW OVR REGION WEAKENS FURTHER...PCPN CHANCES CONTINUE TO TAIL OFF NEXT 24 HRS. UPR LOW SHOULD COMPLETELY DISSIPATE BY WED AS UPR RIDGING WORKS IN FM WEST IN RESPONSE TO LARGE UPR TROUGH DIGGING INTO FAR WEST CONUS. THIS SYSTEM EVENTUALLY MOVES EAST AND DEEPENS FURTHER AS IT APPROACHES THE GREAT LAKES THU. SIGNIFICANT SNOW WITH THE SYSTEM IS THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE FORECAST. && .DISCUSSION... LGT PCPN (FLURRIES/FREEZING DRIZZLE) LOOKS LIKE IT WILL PERSIST TODAY AS UPPER LOW CONTINUES TO DECAY. PRIMARY INSTIGATOR FOR PCPN IS MOIST PROFILE THROUGH 800MB. ALTHOUGH IN THE LAYER TEMPS ARE AS COLD AS -11C...STILL EXPECT CHANCE OF FREEZING DRIZZLE BASED ON WHAT HAS OCCURRED LAST EVENING INTO THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. FOR SOME REASON TEMPS ARE NOT COLD ENOUGH TO ACTIVATE ALL THE ICE NUCLEI PRESENT. TO START THE DAY THERE IS AT LEAST WEAK LARGE SCALE LIFTING WITHIN THE PERIFERY OF UPR LOW AS SHOWN BY H85-H5 Q-VECTOR CONVERGENCE. RISING HEIGHTS EVENTUALLY LEAD TO LESS LIFTING WITH Q-VECTORS BECOMING DIVERGENT TONIGHT. CONSIDERED PLACING FREEZING DRIZZLE IN FOR TONIGHT...BUT NOT SURE IF ANY PCPN WILL BE OCCURRING AT ALL WITH INCREASINGLY NEGATIVE MECHANISMS FOR LARGE SCALE LIFT. THUS...KEPT ONLY FLURRIES THROUGH WED. AT THE MINIMUM...BKN-OVC CLOUDS PERSIST ...KEEPING RANGE BTWN MIN AND MAX TEMPS LIMITED. ON WED ATTN QUICKLY TURNS TO LEAD SHORTWAVE HEADING OUT ONTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS AHEAD OF MAIN TROUGH SETTING UP OVR WESTERN CONUS. WARM AIR ADVECTION H85-H7 IMPRESSIVE...AS IS ISENTROPIC LIFT ON 280-290K SFCS (H9-H7). TAP TO GULF MOISTURE PRESENT WITH PWATS NEAR 200 PCT OF NORMAL STREAMING AHEAD OF SHORTWAVE. MIXING RATIOS INDICATE THIS ON ISENTROPIC SFCS WITH 3-4G/KG UPSTREAM OF CWA WED NIGHT. H85 WINDS INCREASE TO 40KT PRODUCING SHARP LIFTING ON THESE SFCS. SATURATION PROCESS SHOULD BE SWIFT AS SOME MOISTURE OVR AREA NOW WILL STILL BE IN THE REGION. SOUNDINGS SHOWING QUICK MOISTENING LOOK ON TRACK. ACTUALLY...GFS/ECMWF/UKMET/CANADIAN ALL AGREE IN MEASURABLE QPF REACHING SW BORDER BY 00Z THU. STRONG DEEP MOIST ASCENT CONTINUES INTO THU AFTN AHEAD OF APPROACHING UPR LOW... ALREADY BECOMING CLOSED OFF AT H5...AND POTENT MID 980S SFC LOW MOVING NORTHEAST FM CNTRL IA TO CNTRL WI. DEEP INSTABILITY PRESENT AS MID LEVEL DRY SLOTTING DEVELOPS BY LATE AFT. GFS SHOWS H7-H5 LAPSE RATES NEARING 8.0C/KM INTO SCNTRL UPR MI BY LATE THU AFTN. COULD BE SOME THUNDER IN THESE AREAS. LEANED HEAVILY ON HPC QPF LATER WED NIGHT INTO THU AND THIS YIELDS A SIGNIFICANT PCPN EVENT ACROSS UPR MI. SFC LOW TRACK TOWARD SCNTRL UPR MI THROUGH THU NIGHT BRINGS POSSIBILITY OF ELEVATED WARM LAYER INTO PICTURE. GFS SOUNDINGS APPEARED TOO COLD WITH THE WARM LAYER SINCE UPR LOW IS ALREADY CLOSED OFF AS EARLY AS LATE WED NIGHT. INSTEAD...USED WARMER ECMWF AND NAM H85 TEMPS TO HIGHLIGHT POTENTIAL OF MIXED SLEET AND SNOW THU INTO THU EVENING OVR SCNTRL AND EAST CWA. BAND OF POTENTIALLY HEAVY SNOW SHOULD CONTINUE OVR WEST AND NCNTRL CWA DURING THIS TIME AND IT COULD EVEN EXTEND INTO FRI/FRI NIGHT. WENT BACK AND FORTH WHETHER TO ISSUE A WATCH AS THE MAIN EVENT IS MORE OF A LATE 4TH PERIOD AND BEYOND ONE AND SYSTEM IS STILL JUST BEGINNING TO EMERGE ON THE WEST COAST. STILL...SIGNALS IN MAJORITY OF GUIDANCE AND GFS ENSEMBLES ARE PRESENT THAT IF THE TRACK OF SYSTEM EVEN REMAINS SOMEWHAT CLOSE TO WHAT IS SHOWN BY MOST GUIDANCE ATTM...A WARNING EVENT WOULD MATERIALIZE. STRONG WINDS WITH DEEP SFC LOW MAY ALSO LEAD TO BLSN/REDUCED VISIBILITY. SO...DESPITE THE FACT THAT EVENT IS PRETTY FAR OUT IN TIME...COORD WITH GRB AND DLH AND DECIDED TO ISSUE A WINTER STORM WATCH ALONG THE WI BORDER FOR WED NIGHT THROUGH THU NIGHT. ATTM DID NOT ISSUE ANY OTHER HEADLINES FOR NORTHWEST AND NORTH CENTRAL CWA SINCE THE MAJORITY OF THE SNOW FOR THOSE AREAS WILL OCCUR THU-THU NIGHT INTO FRI. REALLY SEE NO REASON WHY IF CURRENT SOLNS PERSIST THESE AREAS WILL NOT NEED TO BE ADDED INTO A WATCH WITHIN THE NEXT 24 HRS. LINGERED HIGHER POPS ON INTO SAT WITH SLOWER TREND TO THE DEPARTING OF SYSTEM. LAKE ENHANCEMENT ALSO LIKELY IN NNW FLOW AREAS AS DEEP MOISTURE TO H7 REMAINS WITH H85 TEMPS TUMBLING TO -15C. && .MQT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WINTER STORM WATCH WED NIGHT THROUGH THU NIGHT MIZ009-012. && $$ JLA