AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NWS DODGE CITY KS
258 PM CDT SUN MAR 18 2007
.DISCUSSION...
DAYS 1-2...
THE BIG CHALLENGES FOR THE EARLY PERIODS OF THE FORECAST TODAY ARE
ANTICIPATING EXTENT OF PRECIPITATION MONDAY NIGHT INTO TUESDAY IN
RESPONSE TO ISENTROPIC LIFT AND UVV IN ADVANCE OF UPPER LEVEL
TROUGHS EMBEDDED IN THE SOUTHERN BRANCH OF THE WESTERLIES AS THEY
LIFT OVER THE CENTRAL UNITED STATES. TEMPERATURES ALSO ARE A
CHALLENGE...ESPECIALLY MONDAY NIGHT INTO TUESDAY. WIDESPREAD
STRATIFORM CLOUDINESS AND PRECIPITATION MAY SERVE TO KEEP
TEMPERATURES EVEN COOLER THAN REFLECTED IN THE GRIDS ON TUESDAY.
THE UPPER LEVEL FLOW REGIME OVER THE UNITED STATES IS IN A
RETROGRESSIVE TRANSITION PERIOD BETWEEN A MEAN PATTERN CHARACTERIZED
BY RIDGING OVER THE WESTERN PART OF THE CONTINENT AND A PATTERN
CHARACTERIZED BY MEAN TROUGHING OVER THE CENTRAL PART OF THE
COUNTRY. THE NUMERICAL GUIDANCE TYPICALLY EXHIBITS LOW SKILL DURING
THESE PERIODS...AND THE MODELS HAVE BEEN STRUGGLING WITH THE UPPER
LEVEL TROUGH CURRENTLY BETWEEN 140W AND 150W AS IT ENTERS THE UNITED
STATES BY MID WEEK. ATMOSPHERIC RELATIVE ANGULAR MOMENTUM IS
ANOMALOUSLY LOW...AND WIDESPREAD EASTERLY ANOMALIES ARE EVIDENT IN
WIND FIELDS OVER THE TROPICS. THIS PATTERN WOULD FAVOR DEVELOPMENT
OF SLOW MOVING CLOSED CYCLONES IN THE LOWER LATITUDES...AND ALL OF
THE MODELS ARE SUGGESTING THIS EVOLUTION OVER THE SOUTHWESTERN
UNITED STATES. THE POTENTIAL EXISTS FOR WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAINFALL IN
THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS AS THE UPPER LEVEL CYCLONE WALLOWS
SLOWLY EASTWARD THROUGH THE LATTER PORTION OF THE WEEK.
THE MODELS ARE IN FAIRLY GOOD AGREEMENT THROUGH THE FIRST THREE DAYS
WITH SOME DISAGREEMENT IN THE EXTENDED PERIOD. THE GFS APPEARED TO
INITIALIZE FAIRLY WELL WITH AIRCRAFT AND SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OVER
THE EASTERN PACIFIC AND IS IN FAIRLY GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THE ECMWF
AND SEVERAL OF THE CANADIAN ENSEMBLE MEMBERS. AS SUCH, THE GFS
LARGELY WAS USED FOR GRID ADJUSTMENTS.
THE EXTREMELY WARM AIR COVERING THE CENTRAL PLAINS TODAY WILL BE
SUPPRESSED SOUTHWARD TONIGHT AS A PACIFIC COLD FRONT DROPS SOUTHWARD
ACROSS KANSAS. A REINFORCING SHOT OF CANADIAN AIR WILL DROP INTO THE
NORTHERN UNITED STATES AS A VIGOROUS UPPER LEVEL TROUGH RIPPLES FROM
NORTHERN ALBERTA INTO ONTARIO BY MONDAY MORNING...AND A SMALL
PORTION OF THE CANADIAN AIR MASS WILL INVADE NORTHERN KANSAS DURING
THE DAY MONDAY. EVEN WITH COLD AIR ADVECTION MONDAY...TEMPERATURES
SHOULD RISE INTO THE 60S IN MOST AREAS. STRATUS WILL DEVELOP AS THE
COLD FRONT ENCOUNTERS INCREASINGLY DEEP LOW LEVEL MOISTURE ACROSS
SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS TONIGHT...AND THE STRATUS WILL BE SLOW TO ERODE
DURING THE DAY MONDAY. THE COLD FRONT WILL BECOME STATIONARY ACROSS
CENTRAL OKLAHOMA MONDAY EVENING.
THE UPPER LEVEL TROUGH EVIDENT IN SATELLITE IMAGERY OVER SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA WILL APPROACH THE CENTRAL PLAINS TUESDAY MORNING...AND
THE REMNANTS OF THE UPPER LEVEL LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM CURRENTLY AROUND
28N 135W WILL APPROACH THE CENTRAL PLAINS DURING THE DAY TUESDAY.
LOWERING PRESSURES IN ADVANCE OF THE UPPER LEVEL TROUGHS WILL
INCREASE SOUTHERLY LOW LEVEL FLOW OVER THE STATIONARY FRONTAL
BOUNDARY...AND ABUNDANT LOW LEVEL MOISTURE WILL SPREAD NORTHWARD
OVER THE COLD DOME OF AIR ENTRENCHED OVER KANSAS. STRATUS WILL
BECOME WIDESPREAD OVER WESTERN KANSAS MONDAY NIGHT...AND AREAS OF
LIGHT DRIZZLE AND FOG CAN BE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP LATE MONDAY NIGHT
INTO TUESDAY AS THE WARM FRONT STARTS TO OOZE NORTHWARD. SUFFICIENT
MID LEVEL INSTABILITY EXISTS TO SUPPORT SHOWER AND THUNDERSTORM
DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION OF ISENTROPIC LIFTING MONDAY NIGHT INTO
TUESDAY. CLOUDY SKIES AND WIDESPREAD PRECIPITATION WILL KEEP
TEMPERATURES ON THE LOW SIDE TUESDAY...AND TEMPERATURES MAY NOT RISE
OUT OF THE UPPER 40S IN THE NORTHERN ZONES.
DAYS 3-7...
MODELS CONTINUE TO FLIP FLOP ALL OVER THE PLACE IN THE EXTENDED
PERIOD. MINOR DIFFERENCES NOTED THROUGH 90 HOURS WITH TROF MOVING
INTO WEST COAST AND ASSOCIATED S/WVS MOVING ACROSS FA. SHORTLY
THEREAFTER, MAJOR CHANGES TAKE PLACE IN EXTENDED FORECAST. BIG
QUESTION REMAINS JUST WHERE WITH THE H5 SOUTHWEST LOW GO.
GFS/CANADIAN MODEL ON SIMILAR PAGE THROUGH FRI WHEN GFS DIVES LOW
SOUTH INTO THE BAJA. CANADIAN MODEL TAKES SYSTEM TOWARD CO/NM BORDER
BY 12Z FRI. ECMWF IS A BIT SLOWER WITH MOVING UPPER LOW OVER NM BUT
IT FOLLOWS THE TREND OF THE CANADIAN. THE UKMET SPLITS THE
DIFFERENCE. THE CANADIAN ENSEMBLE MEMBERS ARE HOLDING ON TO THE
SLOWER/FURTHER SOUTHWEST SOLUTION INITIALLY. FOR NOW, WILL PLAY THE
SLOWER SOLUTION OF THE ENSEMBLE CANADIAN/GFS WITH A SOLUTION NOT AS
FAR SOUTH.
WITH TROF DEVELOPING IN THE WEST, SOUTHWEST KANSAS WILL START TO SEE
A MORE ACTIVE PATTERN IN THE EXTENDED FORECAST PERIOD. MONDAYS
SYSTEM WILL CONTINUE TO KEEP A FRONTAL BOUNDARY ACROSS SOUTHERN
KS/NORTHERN OK WITH PLENTY OF ISENTROPIC LIFT OVER WARM FRONT
USHERING MOISTURE ACROSS CWA INTO TUESDAY NIGHT/WEDNESDAY. 305K
SPECIFIC HUMIDITIES RANGE FROM +4 G/KG TO +7 G/KG WITH 25KT TO 35KT
WINDS THROUGH EARLY WEDNESDAY. SUBTROPICAL BRANCH OF JET STREAM ALSO
NOSES TOWARD FA TOWARD WEDNESDAY MORNING. NEXT SYSTEM FORECAST TO
DEVELOP IN LEE OF ROCKIES TUESDAY INTO WEDNESDAY BEFORE COMING OUT
WEDNESDAY NIGHT/THURSDAY. H85 LLJ IN EXCESS OF +30KTS WITH H85
DEWPOINTS +10C ACROSS EASTERN HALF OF CWA. STRONG INDICATIONS OF
DEVELOPING DRYLINE WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON WITH NEAR 60F DEWPOINTS
ACROSS EASTERN FA BY AFTERNOON WHILE WESTERN FA WILL ONLY SEE
DEWPOINTS INTO THE 30S. IN ADDITION, AT H3, A 70KT+ JET STREAK WILL
MOVE INTO WESTERN FA BY EARLY AFTERNOON. LIS ARE FORECAST TO BE WELL
BELOW 0C, SOME CAPE IS PRESENT AND PLENTY OF WIND SHEAR PRESENT. IN
ADDITION, MID LEVEL LAPSE RATES RANGE FROM 6.5 C/KM TO 8 C/KM.
SEVERE WEATHER THREAT CONTINUES TO LOOK POSSIBLE WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON
INTO EVENING ACROSS PORTIONS OF SOUTHWEST KS.
HAVE LITTLE CONFIDENCE THURSDAY THROUGH WEEKEND WITH MODEL
DIFFERENCES OF H5 UPPER SYSTEM. DO THINK THAT WITH UPPER SYSTEM
LINGERING ACROSS SOUTHWESTERN US, A WET PATTERN WILL CONTINUE. TO
WHAT EXTENT IS STILL IN QUESTION. WILL GO AHEAD AND BUMP UP POPS A
BIT THURSDAY ACROSS EASTERN FA GIVEN SLOWER PROGRESSION OF LOW
ANTICIPATED. TIMING OF FRONT MOVING ACROSS THE CWA WILL CREATE A BIT
OF HAVOC TO ONGOING FORECAST FOR ALL ELEMENTS. FOR NOW, HAVE ONLY
MADE MINOR ADJUSTMENTS GIVEN 12Z GFS RUN PROVIDED NO ADDITIONAL
CLARITY TO PRESENT DILEMMA. THE NEW RUN HAS ONLY LEFT MORE
CHALLENGES AS SOLUTION IS MUCH WETTER THIS TIME AROUND.
&&
.AVIATION...
DISCUSSION FOR THE 18Z TAFS.
WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO FLOW FROM THE SOUTH THIS AFTERNOON FROM
AROUND 15KTS TO 20KTS IN ADVANCE OF A DEVELOPING LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
NEAR THE LEE OF THE ROCKIES. AS THE SYSTEM BEGINS TO MOVE SOUTHEAST
OVERNIGHT TONIGHT, IT WILL DRAG A COLD FRONT THROUGH SOUTHWEST
KANSAS. BETWEEN 09Z AND 12Z MON, WINDS WILL SHIFT TO A MORE
NORTHEASTERLY DIRECTION AS FRONT MOVES ACROSS HYS/GCK. DDC CAN
EXPECT WINDS TO BECOME NORTHEAST AROUND 12Z MON. GUSTY WINDS FROM 25
TO 30KTS ARE NOT OUT OF THE QUESTION DURING THE MORNING MON. ONLY
SCATTERED CIRRUS CLOUDS ARE EXPECTED THROUGH TAF PERIOD. VFR
CONDITIONS WILL PREVAIL THROUGH TAF PERIOD.
&&
.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
DDC 47 65 43 55 / 0 0 40 50
GCK 45 63 41 54 / 0 0 40 40
EHA 47 67 43 60 / 0 0 30 30
LBL 49 67 45 58 / 0 0 40 40
HYS 45 61 37 52 / 0 0 30 50
P28 54 64 47 59 / 0 10 50 60
&&
.DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NONE.
&&
$$
FN01/30/30
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR SOUTHEAST SD/SOUTHWEST MN/NORTHWEST IA
NWS SIOUX FALLS SD
1140 AM CDT SUN MAR 18 2007
.DISCUSSION...
STRONG PREFRONTAL GRADIENT IN PLACE OVR CWA...AND PRIMARY CHANGE TO
SHORT TERM TODAY WAS TO BOOST WNDS. MISSING OAX RAOB/NLG PROFILER
THIS MORNING...BUT LONE TAMDAR SOUNDING NR KOMA... ABR RAOB...WDL
PROFILER...AND FSD VWP SUGGEST THAT THE WINDS ALFT IN MDLS ARE TRULY
THERE. WNDS GUSTING TO ARND 40 MPH EARLIER AT KSFD. SHUD REMAIN ON
WK SIDE OF ADVISORY AS MAIN PRESSURE FALLS SHIFT EWRD ALG NRN
MN/SWRN ONTARIO. OTHERWISE...NICE WARM PLUME ALFT ON WRN PLAINS
RAOBS...AND RECENTLY HEATED OUT TO DOWNSLOPED 70 AT KRAP. KICKED
TMPS UP A COUPLE DEGREES SEVERAL AREAS AS WELL...ESPLY W... BUT HAD
TO ADJUST MOST AREAS TO A MORE RESTRAINED MORNING CLIMB...AND EXPECT
SOME QUICK INCREASES IN THE FIRST COUPLE HOURS THIS AFTN.
HYDROWISE...ALMOST ALL MAINSTEM RIVER LOCATIONS CRESTED AND WELL
INTO FALL. ICE GENERALLY CLEAR...BUT REPORTS FROM JACKSON COUNTY
INDICATE THAT ICE MAY PRESENT DAMMING THREAT ALG THE WEST FORK OF
DES MOINES RIVER AT LEAST THRU TDA.
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION...
UPPER RIDGE WILL SLIDE EAST ACROSS THE REGION TODAY WHILE FLATTENING
AS SHORTWAVE CURRENTLY OVER NRN ID PASSES THROUGH THE RIDGE.
EASTWARD PROGRESSION OF THE RIDGE WILL TAKE WITH IT ANY CHANCES OF
PRECIPITATION TODAY SO REMOVED POPS THIS MORNING. REGION RADAR
MOSAIC INDICATES SOME VIRGA INTO NE SD AND ERN ND...BUT EVEN THIS IS
BEGINNING TO DIMINISH. ISENTROPIC LIFT IS LESS THAN IMPRESSIVE
WITH BEST LIFT MOVING INTO CNTRL AND ERN MN THIS MORNING. MAIN
CHALLENGE TODAY IS TEMPERATURES...AS THERE WILL BE A DECENT GRADIENT
ACROSS THE CWA. WARM AIR WILL ADVECT EAST AS WILL MAIN CLOUD
DECK...SO GENERALLY PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES WILL ALLOW FOR SOME MIXING
BUT PROBABLY NOT TO THE FULL EXTEND IN MOST PLACES AND SFC WINDS
WILL REMAIN SRLY. COULD SEE SOME 70S IN THE WEST THIS AFTERNOON
DEPENDING ON TIMING OF SFC TROUGH AND WRLY WINDS. PREVIOUSLY
MENTIONED SW/V WILL DROP ACROSS SW MN THIS EVENING...HOWEVER
MIDLEVELS CONTINUE TO LOOK DRY. CAN NOT IMAGINE ANYTHING MORE THAN A
FEW SPRINKLES MAKING IT TO THE SFC...SO LEFT POPS BELOW SLIGHT
CHANCE AS MEASURABLE PRECIP WILL BE LOW.
COLD FRONT WILL PASS OVERNIGHT...ONCE AGAIN BRINGING COOLER
TEMPERATURES TO THE AREA ON MON...BUT STILL CLOSE TO NORMAL FOR THIS
TIME OF YEAR. PLENTY OF MIXING WITH FROPA TONIGHT...SO WENT WITH
TEMPERATURES SLIGHTLY ABOVE GUIDANCE...MAINLY IN THE 30S. WARMER AIR
WILL BEGIN TO RETURN MON NIGHT AS UPPER RIDGE REBOUNDS AHEAD OF A
DEVELOPING TROUGH OVER THE WRN CONUS. THIS TROUGH WILL BE THE NEXT
POTENTIAL WEATHER MAKER FOR THE AREA. MODELS SEEM TO BE HAVING A
TOUGH TIME DETERMINING WHETHER THE NRN OR SRN STREAM WILL DOMINATE
OUR WEATHER MID WEEK. MODELS HAVE BEEN TRENDING MORE TOWARD THE NRN
STREAM...WHICH MEANS LESS CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION...ESPECIALLY IN
THE WRN CWA. DID NOT MAKE MUCH OF A CHANGE IN POPS AS OF
YET...HOWEVER WILL BE TOUGH TO PRODUCE MUCH IN THE WAY IN MEASURABLE
MOISTURE WITHOUT UPPER ENERGY FROM SRN WAVE...WHICH MORE AND MORE
APPEARS IF IT WILL BECOME CUT OFF. STILL...A LOT OF LOW LEVEL
MOISTURE WILL LIKELY STREAM NORTH AHEAD OF THE TROUGH...BUT AT FIRST
WOULD LIKELY ONLY BE GOOD IN CREATING STRATUS MAYBE DRIZZLE...SO
LOWER POPS WED/WED NIGHT...PROBABLY NOT ENOUGH. ALSO WOULD BE TOUGH
TO PRODUCE THUNDER WITH LITTLE ISENTROPIC FORCING AND DRY
MIDLEVELS...FOR NOW LEFT A MENTION OF ISOLATED THUNDER. BEST CHANCE
FOR THUNDERSTORMS WOULD LIKELY NOT BE UNTIL LATE THU AND MIDLEVEL
BNDRY SHIFTS EAST...PROVIDED SOME SRN STREAM ENERGY COMES N.
&&
.FSD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
SD...NONE.
MN...NONE.
IA...NONE.
NE...NONE.
&&
$$
CHAPMAN/LIEBL
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